Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Nucleotide
|
deoxyribose, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
|
|
|
How are nucleotides linked
|
covalent bonds, phosphodiester linkages
|
|
|
5' end
|
Has a 5' carbon attached to the phosphate.
|
|
|
3' end
|
has a 3' carbon attahced to a hydroxyl group.
|
|
|
Complementary base -pairs
|
HB between AT and GC
|
|
|
DNA helicase
|
enzymes that seperate the 2 strands
|
|
|
single-strand binding proteins (SSBs)
|
(helicase-destabilizing proteins)bind to single strands and stabilizes them- prevents helix from reforming.
|
|
|
topisomerases
|
preventing excessive coiling and knot formation. produces breaks in the DNA molecules
|
|
|
DNA polymerases
|
enzymes that catalyze the linking together of nucleotide subunits
|
|
|
ATP and GTP
|
are substrates for the polymerazation rcn
|
|
|
As nucleotides link together...
|
2 of phosphates are removed
|
|
|
RNA primer
|
synthesized by DNA primer.
|
|
|
DNA primer
|
starts a new strand of RNA opposite a DNA strand.
|
|
|
origins of replication
|
Both strands replicate at a Y-shaped structure called replication fork.
|
|
|
Okazaki fragments
|
short pieces that join together.
|
|
|
DNA ligase
|
joins okazaki fragments together
|
|
|
Telomeres
|
repeating nucleotide sequences. function as caps that protect genetic info. each time when a cell divides, part of it is lost.
|
|
|
shorteining of telomeres
|
contributes to cell aging
|
|
|
telomerase
|
lengthens telomeres.
|
|
|
ha
|
ha
|
