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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
somatometry
measurement of the body of living people
osteometry
measurement of skeletal remains
ergonomics.
The science of designing for humans
Frankfort Horizontal Plane
the standard head position when taking anthropometric
measurements. In this position, the line of vision is approximately horizontal. It is achieved by
positioning the head so hat the most inferior (lowest) point on the left orbital margin of the eye is
at the same horizontal level as the tragion of the left ear
mean
he usual average, so:

(13 + 18 + 13 + 14 + 13 + 16 + 14 + 21 + 13) ÷ 9 = 15
median
the middle value

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21

So the median is 14.
mode
the number that is repeated more often than any other
The largest value in the list is 21, and the smallest is 13, so the range is 21 – 13 = 8.

mean: 15
median: 14
mode: 13
range: 8
Range
maximum value – minimum value
Principle of Segregation
which
provides a mechanism for how one genetic trait is passed from parent to offspring
Mendelian genetics
the major model used today to explain how genetic material is
transmitted from one generation to the next.
Principle of Independent Assortment,
which generalized the Principle of Segregation to two or
more traits.
mitosis
Structural cells of the body divide by a process
meiosis
reduces the
genetic material by half and leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and egg)
Hardy-Weinberg model
which describes the process of
inheritance at the population level.
Population genetics
looks at an
entire population, in which each mating pair transmits genetic material according to Mendel’s
Principles, and predicts the types and frequency of offspring in the entire population of the next
generation.
The major
evolutionary forces include natural selection
genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
Evolution
change in the genetic structure of a population through time.
Natural Selection
changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next due to different
levels of reproductive success of individuals in a population. Natural selection is also
closely dependent on survival because the longer an individual lives, the more chances for
reproducing there will likely be.
Genetic Drift
changes in allele frequencies due to random factors (e.g., over- or under-
representation of particular alleles because of sampling errors during reproduction;
recombination of alleles during the process of meiosis; accidents)
Gene Flow
the exchange of alleles among populations (often, but not always from migration).
Mutation
a change in DNA. It is the only way that completely new genetic material can be
introduced into a species