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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
somatometry
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measurement of the body of living people
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osteometry
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measurement of skeletal remains
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ergonomics.
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The science of designing for humans
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Frankfort Horizontal Plane
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the standard head position when taking anthropometric
measurements. In this position, the line of vision is approximately horizontal. It is achieved by positioning the head so hat the most inferior (lowest) point on the left orbital margin of the eye is at the same horizontal level as the tragion of the left ear |
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mean
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he usual average, so:
(13 + 18 + 13 + 14 + 13 + 16 + 14 + 21 + 13) ÷ 9 = 15 |
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median
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the middle value
13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21 So the median is 14. |
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mode
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the number that is repeated more often than any other
The largest value in the list is 21, and the smallest is 13, so the range is 21 – 13 = 8. mean: 15 median: 14 mode: 13 range: 8 |
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Range
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maximum value – minimum value
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Principle of Segregation
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which
provides a mechanism for how one genetic trait is passed from parent to offspring |
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Mendelian genetics
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the major model used today to explain how genetic material is
transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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Principle of Independent Assortment,
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which generalized the Principle of Segregation to two or
more traits. |
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mitosis
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Structural cells of the body divide by a process
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meiosis
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reduces the
genetic material by half and leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and egg) |
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Hardy-Weinberg model
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which describes the process of
inheritance at the population level. |
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Population genetics
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looks at an
entire population, in which each mating pair transmits genetic material according to Mendel’s Principles, and predicts the types and frequency of offspring in the entire population of the next generation. |
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The major
evolutionary forces include natural selection |
genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
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Evolution
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change in the genetic structure of a population through time.
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Natural Selection
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changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next due to different
levels of reproductive success of individuals in a population. Natural selection is also closely dependent on survival because the longer an individual lives, the more chances for reproducing there will likely be. |
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Genetic Drift
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changes in allele frequencies due to random factors (e.g., over- or under-
representation of particular alleles because of sampling errors during reproduction; recombination of alleles during the process of meiosis; accidents) |
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Gene Flow
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the exchange of alleles among populations (often, but not always from migration).
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Mutation
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a change in DNA. It is the only way that completely new genetic material can be
introduced into a species |