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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who made the first microscope |
The Janssen brothers Hans and Zacharias Janssen |
Brothers |
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Who made the second microscope |
Robert hooke his micro scope was a compound microscope with a third lens and a light |
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Who made the third microscope |
Antoni van leeuwenhoek his was a simple microscope using one lens which was able to magnify onjects up to 250x and was the first to view single celled organisms |
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What is magnification |
How many time larger the image is than the original |
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What is the power of the eye piece lens and the objective lenses |
Eye piece lens: 10x Low power:4x Medium: 10x High: 40x |
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What is field of view |
The area that can be seen through the microscope with a certain objective lens |
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What happens when lens power in creases |
Field of view decreases |
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What is scale |
A comparison between orignal size and the smaller scale |
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What did gallileo propose |
He proposed that the earth revolved around the sun, but the church did not accept his theory becaue the church belived that the earth was the center of the universe. So he was put under house arrest and later burned alive at the steak but received a papal pardon 350 years after his death by pope john paul II |
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What is spontaneous generation |
Living things can emerge from non living objects because of the life force that it contained |
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Who was the first person to try and disprove spontaneous generation |
Francisco redi by putting meat in two different containers one with access to air and one without but his experiment led people to belive that spontaneous generation needed air |
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Who was the first person who tried to prove spontaneous generation |
John needham he boiled chicken broth and sealed it in a flask and still found that microorganisms still appeared ( because the broth was not heated for a long enough time or at a high enough temperature) |
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Lazzaro spallanzani did what |
He tried to disprove spontaneous generation by removing all air from a container by using a vacume but this only proved that air was needed |
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Who disproved spontaneous generation |
Louis pasteur he disprove d spontaneous generation |
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Who was robert brown |
He is the person who discovered the nucleus being responsible for control ing the cell functions |
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What did Schleiden and schwann propose |
They proposed all plant and animals are composed of cells and that they are the basic unit of life |
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Who was rudolf virchow |
He is the person who discovered that cells come from preexisting cells |
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What is the cell theory |
All living thing are made up of 1 or more cells They are the smallest unit of life Cells are produced from preexisting cell through cell division called mitosis |
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What is contrast |
Variations in light and shadow |
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How has image quality improved |
New staining techniques and new methods of illumination |
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What is resolution |
The ability to distinguish between two structures that are close together |
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How much is the human eye capable of resolving |
Up to 0.1mm or larger |
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What is fluorescent microscopy |
Fluorescent stains called GFP (green fluorescent protein) Different cell structure s absorve stains in different amounts
Depending on the type of dye the cell glows either yellow, orange or green GFP does not kill the cell |
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What does a brightfield microscope do |
A light passes through the specimen and staining the specimen kills it and you cant view living tissues. And you cant get a higher resolution than 0.2 um |
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Electron microscope |
A fine beam of Electron are shot at the specimen the electrons pass through depeneding on density. And use magnetic fields to focus image |
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Transmission electron microscope ( tem) |
100x better magnification and resolution than a light microscope It is difficult to produce 3D images Living specimen s cannot be observed |
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Scanning electron microscope ( sem) |
The specimen is fixed and coated in gold. Electrons reflect off of gold and prduce 3D images 2x better quality than the TEM and new SEMs permit use of live materials |
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Gene mapping |
Decoding species genes |
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What can gene mapping help us with |
Help us understand where diseases come from and how to treat them effectively Also allows us to create new varieties of plants |
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What does GMO stand for |
Genetically Modified Organisms |
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Are cell open or closed systems |
They are open systems they must interact with the environment to survive |
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What are hormones |
Are chemicals produced in one part of your body that acts on a different part |
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What is an example of a hormone created in your brain and when is it created |
Adrenaline is produce when excited or stresed |
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What are receptors |
Transmitters to attach to the cell and cary out their function |
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Only transmitters with the correct shape can |
Dock at a certain receptor it is like a lock and key |
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Viruses and bacteria can trick cells by |
Mimicking the shape of a harmless molecule |
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You immune system fights off invaders by |
Identifying them based on the markers on their cell membranes |
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Cell communication helps Scientist |
Diagnose viruses and bacteria -diseases in the immune system -make more effective medications |
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Parts of a microscope |
-eye piece -body tube - course adjustment knob -fine adjustment knob -arm -base -light source -diaphragm -stage -stage clips -objective lens -revolving nosepiece |
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