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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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About 2.2 billion years ago, cyanobacteria in stromalites added _____ to the atmosphere. |
oxygen |
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What benefits does the ozone layer provide to living organisms |
filters the sun, protects land dwelling organisms |
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The first eukaryotic fossils appear about ____ billion years ago |
2.2 |
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What did Miller and Urey do and what was the result |
placed methane, ammonia,hydrogen and water in a closed system to stimulate lightning in electricity, resulted in amino acids and organic molecules |
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define proteinoid microspheres |
structures with first outer cell |
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eventually, when the microsphere evolves to contain DNA, it is considered a ___ cell |
true |
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describe the RNA-first hypothesis |
rna arose before dna |
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photosynthetic bacteria entered simple eukaryotic organisms. What was the result |
eukaryotic cells can now carry out photosynthesis |
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what are the flaws with the fossil record |
soft tissue isn't preserved, difficult to connect species because entire organism isn't preserved |
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define paleontologist |
scientist who studies fossils |
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define radioactive dating |
calculates the age of a fossil based on the amount of radioactive isotopes it contains |
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half life |
the amount of time required for half the radioactive atoms to decay to a stable element |
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what are the characteristics of index fossils |
organism lived a short period of time, abundant, distinctive,changed rapidly, widespread |
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macroevolution |
large scale evolutionary change over long periods of time |
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extinction |
a species no longer exists |
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adaptive radiation |
new species evolve from original species |
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convergent evolution |
unrelated organisms look alike |
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coevolution |
an evolutionary change in one species results in the change of another |
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punctuated equilibrium |
stable periods with little evolution, then a rapid change |
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gradualism |
a slow steady change over time |
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taxonomy |
classification system using a scientific name |
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in classification what are the levels of organization from largest to smallest |
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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each classification level is called a ____ |
taxon |
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domain bacteria |
prokaryotes single celled organisms |
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domain archaea |
prokaryotes usually live in extreme environments as hot springs or mud |
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domain eukarya |
protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia |
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_____ _____ is a two part scientific name that is used to identify the genus and species |
binomial nomenclature |
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the genus and species are _____, The genus is ___, the species is ______ ___ |
italicized,capitalized,lower cased |
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molecular clock |
uses mutations in dna to estimate the length of time two species |
