Bio

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Metabolism

Back 1

All chemical reactions that occur within on organism

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Homeostasis

Back 2

Regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life

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Hydrogen bond

Back 3

Weak electrostatic formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and oxygen, Fluorine, or nitrogen atom

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Ionic bond

Back 4

Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or group of atoms

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Adhesion

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The force of attraction between unlike molecules, or the attraction between the surface of contacting bodies

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Cohesion

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Refers to the sticking together of alike molecules, such as water molecule being attracted to another water molecule. Cohesion also causes water molecules to from drops. Together with adhesion, it helps to explain the occurrence of surface tension and capillary action

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Lipid

Back 7

Hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats,oils, and waxes are lipids

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Monosaccharide

Back 8

A simple sugar,example: fructose, glucose, and ribose.

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Disaccharide

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Sugar formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined by glyosidic linkage

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Amino acids

Back 10

Organic compound, and it serves as a building block for proteins

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ATP

Back 11

Adenosine triphosphate a high energy molecule found in every cell. It's job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy

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ADP

Back 12

Adenosine diphosphate organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups

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Activation energy

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Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction

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Aerobic respiration

Back 14

Metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron transport

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Anaerobic respiration

Back 15

Metabolic process that does not require oxygen

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ER

Back 16

Highly folded membrane system on eukaryotic cells that is the site for Proteins and lipid synthesis

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Ribosome

Back 17

Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins

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Chromosomes

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DNA containing structure that Carries genetic material from one generation to another

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Cilia

Back 19

Short hair like projection that functions in cell movement (FLAGELLAS ARE LONG, NOT SHORT)

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Organelle

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Specialized internal cell structure that carries our specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation

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Lysosomes

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Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or or worn out cellular substances

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Vacuole

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Membrane bund vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food enzymes and waste

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Vesicle

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Transport materials and enzyme storage

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Contractile vacuole

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Organelle that collects excess water in the cytoplasm and expels it from the cell; maintains homeostasis in hypotonic environments

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Central vacuole

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Found in plant cells surrounded by a membrane and functions to hold materials and wastes

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Passive transport

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Movement of substances across a cell without an input of energy unlike active transport

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Osmosis

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Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

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Concentration gradient

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Process of which particles which are sometimes called diluted moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles

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Endocytosis

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Energy requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell

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Exocytosis

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Substances leaving a cell

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Gametes

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A haploid sex cell formed during meiosis that can combine with another haploid cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg

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Zygote

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Fertilized egg formed when a sperm cell penetrates an egg

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Embryo

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Organism's early prebirth stage of development

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Allele

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Alternative form that a single gene may have for a paticular trait

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RNA

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Ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis

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Diploid

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Having 2 copies of each chromosome

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Haploid

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Cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid

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Homologous structure

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One of the two paired chromosomes one from each parent that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

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Karyotype

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Micrograph in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size

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Sex chromosomes

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X or Y chromosomes; paired sex chromosomes determine an individual's gender XX- GIRL XY- BOY

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Autosome

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Chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome

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Trisomy

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A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities

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Down's syndrome

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Extra 21st chromosome

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Kleinfelter's

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Extra copy of an X chromosome female and male characteristics

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Turner's syndrome

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A chromosomal disorder in which a female is born with only one X chromosome

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Cell cycle

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Process of cellular reproduction occurring in three main stages interphase(growth) mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis( cytoplasm division)

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Apoptosis

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Programmed cell death

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PSA TEST

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Prostate test

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FOBT TEST

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Fecal occult blood test

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Australia

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#1 for skin cancer

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Canada

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#1 leukemia

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China

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#1 for liver cancer

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England

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#1 for lung cancer

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Japan

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#1 stomach cancer

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USA

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#1 for colon cancer

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Alternation of generations

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Reproductive life cycle that alternates between a diploid sorophyte generation and a haploid generation gametophyte generation

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Asexual reproduction

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Offspring arise from a singe organism and inherit the genes of the parent only

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Homozygous

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Organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait

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Heterozygous

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Organisms with two different alleles for a trait

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Codominance

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Complex inheritance pattern that occurs when neither allele is dominant and both alleles are expressed

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Mono hybrid cross

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A genetic cross between parents that differ in the alleles they possess for one particular gene one parent having two dominant alleles and the other two recessives

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Dihybrid cross

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Cross between two different lines (varieties, stains) that differ in two observed traits

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Phenotype

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Obsevable characteristics that is expressed as a result of an allele pair

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Genotype

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An organism's allele pairs

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Sex linked trait

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Characteristic such as red-green color blindness, controlled by genes on the X chromosome also called an x-linked trait

Front 66

Nucleotide

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A submit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

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DNA duplication

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Process by which a double stranded DNA molecules is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

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Watson & crick

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Worked together on studying the structure of DNA

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Linnaeus

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Swedish botanist who created the current system for classifying plants and animals

KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FENUS SPECIES

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Binomial nomenclature

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Linneus's systemif naming organisms, which gives a scientific two-word Latin name to each species the first part is the genus nme and the second is the specific epithet

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Dichotomous key

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Tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world

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Five kingdoms

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Plants, animals, Protists, fungus, monera

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Botany

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The scientific study of plants

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Stomata

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Openings in the outer of leaf surfaces and some stems that allow the exchange of water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and other gases between a plant and its environment

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Guard cells

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One pair of cells that function in the opening and closing of a plant's stomach by the changes in their shape

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Xylem

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Vascular plant tissue that transport water and dissolved minerals away from the roots throughout the plant and is composed of vessel elements and tracheids

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Phloem

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Vascular plant tissue composed of sieve tube tube members and companion cells that conducts dissolved sugars and the other organic compounds from the leaves and stems to the roots to the leaves and stems

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Angiosperms

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A plant that has flowers and produces seeds

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Gymnosperms

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A plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit

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Appendage

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A structure such as a leg or an antenna that grows and extends from the body or body covering

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Helium

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He

Front 82

Lithium

Back 82

LI

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Boron

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B

Front 84

Fluorine

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F

Front 85

Neon

Back 85

Ne

Front 86

Aluminum

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Al

Front 87

Silicon

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Si

Front 88

Argon

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Ar

Front 89

Cromium

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Cr

Front 90

Magnesium

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Mg

Front 91

Manganese

Back 91

Mn