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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which terms most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
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catabolism
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Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?
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they consume energy to build up polymers from monomers
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Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?
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as a consequence of growing, organisms create more disorder in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth
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Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics
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cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization
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Which of the following types of reactions would decease the entropy within a cell?
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dehydration reactions
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Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
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The reaction proceeds with a new release of free energy
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A chemical reaction that has a postive G is correctly described as
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endergonic
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Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?
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it provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions
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Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?
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a RNA nucleotide
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What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?
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energy coupling
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Which of the following statements is (are) true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
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the reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme
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Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase results in
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breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds from the atoms of water
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reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's
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activation energy
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Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
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enzymes increase the rate of a reaction
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The active site of an enzyme is the region that
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is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
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According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzymes catalysis, which of the following is correct?
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the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site
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Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?
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competitive inhibition
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Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as an
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cofactor necessary for enzyme activity
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Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell?
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an increase in a cell's catabolic activity
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A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X-->Y-->Z-->A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance X?
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a substrate
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A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X-->Y-->Z-->A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. Substance A functions as
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an allosteric inhibitor
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The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as
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feedback inhibition
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Which of the following statements describes cooperativity?
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a substrate molecule bound to an active site affects the active site of several subunits
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an important group of peripheral membrane proteins are enzymes, such as the phospholipases that attack that head groups of phospholipids leading to the degradation of damaged membranes. What properties must these enzymes exhibit?
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water solubility
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Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process?
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C6H12O6+6O2==>6CO2=6H20
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If an enzyme solution is saturates with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
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add more of the enzyme
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