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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the burning of glucose and oxygen create?
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carbon dioxide, water, heat, and light
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The first step of glucose metabolism
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glycolysis
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Which reactions are anaerobic?
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glycolysis and fermentation
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Three carbon molecule created in glycolysis
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pyruvate
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Which reaction is aerobic
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cellular respiration
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What is pyruvate converted to during cellular respiration?
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three CO2 molecules
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What is pyruvate converted to in fermentation?
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latic acid or ethanol
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A reaction in which one substance transfers one or more electrons to another substance
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a redox reaction
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REduction _____ electrons
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gains
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Oxidation_____ electrons
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loses
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What do the burning of glucose and oxygen create?
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carbon dioxide, water, heat, and light
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The first step of glucose metabolism
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glycolysis
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Which reactions are anaerobic?
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glycolysis and fermentation
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Three carbon molecule created in glycolysis
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pyruvate
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Which reaction is aerobic
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cellular respiration
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What is the reduced form of NAD?
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NADH+
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What is the oxidized form of NAD?
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NAD+
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What is the reduced form of NAD?
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NADH+
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The reactant that becomes reduced
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oxidation agent
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The reactant that becomes oxidized
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reduction agent
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When a molecule loses an electron, what does it also lose?
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a hydrogen atom
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Other than NAD, what is another carrier of electrons during glucose metabolism?
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FAD
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What are the 3 pathways of cellular respiration?
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pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respitory or electron transfer chain
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Where does gylcolysis take place in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
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cytoplasm
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How much energy doe sglycolysis produce?
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a small amount
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Does glycolysis generate CO2?
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no
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What is the most common form of energy molecule and what is its formula?
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glucose, C6H12O6
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The first 5 steps of glycolysis are endergonic or exergonic?
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endergonic
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The last 5 steps of glycolysis are endergonic or exergonic?
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exergonic
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ATP is broken apart and phosphate is attached to glucose endergonic or exergonic?
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endergonic
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Phosphate is cleaved from glucose and adds to ADP to make ATP endergonic or exergonic?
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exergonic
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What is the substrate in the first 5 steps of glycolysis?
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ATP
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What enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of glycolysis?
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hexokinase
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How many molecules of ATP have been invested in the first 5 steps of glycolysis?
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2
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How many molecules of pyruvate for each molecule of glucose?
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2
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What kind of reaction is it when an enzyme makes ATP without a hydrogen ion gradient?
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substrate-level phosphorilation
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How many molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose?
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2
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What is the gross number of ATP made in glycolysis?
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4
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What is the net number of ATP made in glycolysis?
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2
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Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
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inner-mitochondrial membrane
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What is the intermediate step between glycolysis and respiration?
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pyruvate oxidation
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Is CO2 made in glycolysis?
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no
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Is CO2 made in pyruvate oxidation?
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yes
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What is the starting point for the citric acid cycle?
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Acetyl COA
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Is CO2 made in the citric acid cycle?
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Yes
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What are the inputs in the citric acid cycle?
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Acetyl CoA, water, Nad+ and FAD
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What are two type of electron carriers?
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NAD+ and FAD
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What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?
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NADH+ + H+, FADH2, CO2, a small amount of ATP
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What happens to H+ ion concentrations in the citric acid cycle?
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They don't change
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Can CoA be reused?
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yes
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What does succinyl CoA make?
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GTP and Pi
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What does GTP make?
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ATP
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Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
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mitochondrial matrix
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What must reduced forms do before the respitory chain?
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get rid of their hydrogens
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What is ATP synthesis from electron transport called?
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oxidative phosphorylation
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What two macromolecules does the respitory chain contain?
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proteins and lipids
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What are two type of electron carriers?
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NAD+ and FAD
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What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?
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NADH+ + H+, FADH2, CO2, a small amount of ATP
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What happens to H+ ion concentrations in the citric acid cycle?
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They don't change
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Can CoA be reused?
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yes
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What does succinyl CoA make?
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GTP and Pi
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