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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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digestive enzymes that process carbohydrates |
salivary amylase; pancreatic amylase; maltase; isomaltase; sucrase; lactase |
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digestive enzymes that process proteins |
pepsinogen, trypsinogen, chymotrupsinogen, carboxy peptidases a and b, aminopetidase, dispeptidases, enteropeptidases |
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digestive enzymes that process lipids |
bile (mechanical not chemical); lipase |
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digestive tract |
oral cavity --> pharynx --> esophagus --> stomach --> small --> large intestine --> rectum |
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accessory organs of digestive system + general function |
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder ; enzymes and lubrication |
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Enteric nervous system |
neurons in walls of digestive tract; govern gastro. system, trigger peristalsis |
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peristalsis |
rhythmic contractions of gut tube |
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Enzymes in saliva |
salivary amylase hydrolyzes (starch to sugars) and lipase (lipids) |
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Cells produced by gastric glands |
mucous cells, chief cells and parietal cells |
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mucous cells |
produce mucus, protects wall from acidic environment |
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chief cells |
produce pepsinogen, inactive form of pepsin |
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parietal cells |
produce hydrogen ions as HCl which cleave pepsinogen to pepsin, most active at low pH, also produce intrinsic factor (absorbs B12) |
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cells produced by pyloric glands |
g cells |
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g cells |
produce gastrin, induce parietal cells to produce HCl, makes stomach contract |
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what is chyme |
digested food in stomach made into acidic, semifluid --> increases SA, maximizes nutrient absorption in intestines |
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parts of small intestine |
duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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pyloric sphincter located |
between small intestine and stomach |
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brush border enzymes (duodenum) |
break down dimers and trimers into absorbable monomers |
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enteropeptidase (duodenum) |
acitvates other enzymes |
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secretin (duodenum) |
regulates pH of digestive tract thru HCl and bicarbonate |
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enterogastrone (duodenum) |
slows motility of digestive tract, more time for digestive enzymes to act on chyme |
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Cholecystokinin (CCK), stimulated by rel. of chyme in duodenum |
stimulates release of bile and pancreatic juices; promotes satiety in brain |
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Bile |
mechanical digestion of fats; emulsify fat and cholesterol into micelles, makes accessible to pancreatic lipase; made of salts, pigments and cholesterol; bilirubin main pigment (Causes jaundice if not digested) |
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Pancreatic juices |
made of enzymes in alkaline (bicarbonate) solution, neutralizes chyme, makes ideal environment for digestive enzymes (pH 8.5) |
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Pancreas |
prod. pancreatic juices, pancreatic amylase (carb digestion), pancrease peptidases, enteropeptidase |
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Liver |
-produce sbile; processes blood to create glyocen w/ excess sugar; stores fats; also produces glucose thru gluconeogenesis; detoxifies ammonia (Creates urea), alcohol, drugs; produces albumin (oncotic pressure, carries drugs and hormones) and clotting factors |
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gallbladder |
stores bile; CCK brings bile to biliary tree |
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small intestine |
takes up vitamins, small fats, carbs, simple sugars thru epithelial cells; water passes; |
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fat-soluble vitamins |
D, A, K, E |
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parts of large intestine + main fx |
cecum, colon, rectum; absorb water, although small intestine absorbs more |
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anus parts |
internal (autonomic ) and external (somatic) anal sphincters |
