Bio

Front 1

alteration of generations

Back 1

life cycle where

-multicellular diploid form

-sporophyte

-and a multicellular haploid form

characteristic of plants and some algea

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asexual reproduction

Back 2

generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without diffusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into 2 or more parts)

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chiasma

Back 3

X-shaped, microscopically visible region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase 1 between homologs nonsister chromatids. chiasmata becomes visible after synapse ends, with the two homologs remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion.

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clone

Back 4

1- a lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells.

2- in popular usage, an individual that is genetically identical to another individual.

3- as a verb to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell.

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crossing over

Back 5

the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis

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gamete

Back 6

a haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.

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gene

Back 7

a discrete unit of heredity information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)

Front 8

genetic variation

Back 8

differences among individuals in the composition of their genes of other DNA segments.

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genetics

Back 9

the scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.

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haploid cell

Back 10

a cell containing only one set of chromosomes.

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heredity

Back 11

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

Front 12

homologous chromosomes

Back 12

pari of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that posses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. one from father the other one from mother.

Front 13

karyotype

Back 13

a display of the chromosome paris of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Front 14

life cycle

Back 14

the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.

Front 15

locus

Back 15

a specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.

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meiosis

Back 16

a modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. it results in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as the original cell.

Front 17

meiosis I

Back 17

the first division of a two stage process of cel division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.

Front 18

meiosis II

Back 18

the second division of a two stage process of a cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that result in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as the original cell.

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recombinant chromosome

Back 19

a chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.

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sex chromosome

Back 20

a chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual.

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sexual reproduction

Back 21

a type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes.

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somatic cell

Back 22

any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm of egg of their precursors.

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synapsis

Back 23

the pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

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synaptonemal

Back 24

complex

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zygote

Back 25

The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.