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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial Skeleton |
-bones that form longitudinal axis -ex. head, vertebrae |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
-bones in limbs, girdle, pelvis |
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5 Functions of the Skeleton System |
1. support - anchor soft organs - maintain upright position 2. protection - skull, ribs, vertebral column 3. movement -bones form levers to skeletal muscles to pull and move body parts 4. storage of minerals -Ca, P, fat 5. blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) -occurs in red bone marrow |
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1 Long Bones 2 Shots Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Irregular Bones |
1. shaft with heads 2. cube shaped, mostly spongy bone ex carpals and tarsals 3. 2 layers of compact bone, spongy bone in the middle ex skull, ribs, sternum 4. contain red bone marrow ex vertebrae, hips |
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Osteocytes |
-to mature bone cells -regulated by PTH to break down bone |
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Osteoblasts found: calsitonin = |
-to form and repair bone tissue -regulated by calcitonin from thyroid to built up calcium deposits - found in perisoteum and endosteum -produce collagen fibers for strength + flexibility -calcitonin= hormone----->osteoblasts deposit into bone matrix |
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Skeletal Muscle Fibers (6) |
-attach to skeleton -huge multi- nucleated cells -striated -voluntary -bundled together -rapid contractions but tire easily |
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Smooth Muscle (4) |
-no striations -involuntary -spindle shaped, single nucleus -layers, slow but sustained contractions |
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Cardiac Muscle (6) |
-heart only -striated + branched -involuntary -scant + endomysium -single nucleus -spiral figure 8 shaped bundles |
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Skeletal Muscular Functions (4) |
1. movement 2. maintain posture 3. stabilizing joints 4. generating heart--> to maintain normal body temp |
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Isotonic Contractions |
-muscle shortens, change in muscle length ex walking, aerobics |
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Isometric Contractions |
-same measurement , muscle strengthening ex tightening or tensing muscles without moving body parts |
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Injection sites >5ml |
Gluteus Medius |
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Injection sites <5ml
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Deltiod |
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Injection sites infants |
Vastus Laterus |
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Actin + Myosin aid of Ca |
- myosin heads walk along actin (from 1 to another) *bare zone disappears *I bands almost diseappear -actin brings sacromere together when it contracts ---> requires ATP *actin = myosin never shorten but come closer together and pass each other -Ca allows myosin to bind to actin -Ca is stored in sacrcoplasmic reticulum - released by action potential |
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3 Ways Muscles Require ATP |
1. direct phosphorylation of ATP by creatine phosphate ----> only found in muscle cells (lasts about 15 sec) 2. aerobic respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) (occurs in mitochondria, supplies 95% of ATP to muscle, slow process) 3. anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation (in cytoplasm, initial stage of cellular respiration, no 02 needed, Glucose ----> 2 pyruivc acid + 2ATP surplus, fast but uses too much glucose, muscles sore and tired to lactic acid accumulation. |
