Bio 570 Test1 _Lecture 7_Part 2

Front 1

What are char ofmusculoskeletal system.

Back 1

-nerves & blood vessels go to bone
-changing system
-Bones are an Organ system (needs 2 types of tissue: bones, blood, nerves)

Front 2

what is an-Osteoblast

Back 2

Forms bone
(a cellular descendent) precursor cell: goes through bone development to become a mature bone cell.

Front 3

what is an osteocyte?

Back 3

(mature bone cell)  osseous tissue (2 forms of bone to consider: compact bone and spongy bone)
-osteocytes are either osteoblasts (form bone) or osteoclasts (destroy bone)

Front 4

what are the functions of bone?

Back 4

1.Support: overall
2.Protection of critical organ systems: skull, vertebral column, ribs
3.Movement: muscles to tendons attached to bone; lever system
4.Mineral storage: 2 types of salts in bone: storage for calcium salt (most important) and
phosphate salt
5.Blood cell formation: hematopoiesis in marrow of longer bones, spaces in other bones

Front 5

what are bones classified by?

Back 5

206 bones, classified according to shape.

Front 6

Name the four bone shapes

Back 6

1) Long
2) short
3) flat
4) irreg

Front 7

what are char of bones?

Back 7

Shaft  called diaphysis
Bone ends  called epiphysis

Front 8

what are the Membranes/connective tissue layers

Back 8

Periosteum=outer membrane
Has 2 membranes/double layered:
Outer layer: connective tissue
Inner layer of the membrane has cells that will either form or destroy
bone: osteoblasts (bone forming) and osteoclasts (destroying
bone frees up Ca for body to use; doesn’t have to mean
pathology)
Endosteum: inner membrane around medullary cavity that contains yellow marrow

Front 9

describe char of the four bone shapes

Back 9

-Long: compact (humerus)
-Short: spongy (hand); spongy due to activity of cells and how they work/the extracellular
component of the bone determines the hardness of the bone
-Flat: compact around spongy (sternum) (bone sandwich with flat bones on both sides of spongy)
-Irregular: spongy in specialized bone (vertebral column, hip—may pull some cells from here, marrow sample. Could also get from long bones.)

Front 10

describe Hematopoietic tissue

Back 10

-Marrow: within cavities of spongy bone, within long bones (ends), and in flat bones
-In newborns: medullary cavity contains red marrow (producing many cells from their development stage; metabolic need)
-In adults: medullary cavity with yellow (fat containing) marrow can change to red
again if the need arises (rate of cell production is not the same as newborns.
Adults stay yellow under most types of metabolism. But if you needed to activate this system, you could and the yellow marrow will lose all of the fat and become red marrow again r/t metabolism and formation need for cells.)
-flat bones of sternum
-Irregular bones of hips
-Head of femur (spongy bone; thigh) and humerus (spongy bone; arm)