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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All matter is composed of ____
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Elements
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Pathways about an atom are____
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Shells
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Subatomic particles called______ and ______ are located _________the atom and _______ orbit the atom in the shells
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Protons and neurons
Inside Electrons |
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Atom joins with another to for a _____
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Molecule
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When atoms that are different join it forms a ____________
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Compound
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there are two types of bonds that join atoms:
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Ionic and Covalent
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In an Ionic bond and atome does what to achieve stability?
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Gives to takes Electrons
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What is covalent bonding?
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When atoms share electrons
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In water, electrons spend more time circling the larger atom which is_____. Because the larger atom attracts electrons better than the smaller. the large atom is slighlty negative and the small atom is positive making the water itself _______
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Oxygen
Polar |
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This occurs when a covalently bonded hydrogen is slightly positive and attracted to a negatively charged atom a distance away. It's weak and easily broken
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Hydrogen bond
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________is a subtance thst dissociates in water and releases hydrogen ions.
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Acids
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________is a substance that takes up hydrogen ions
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Bases
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there are 4 categories of molecules
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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Every catergory of molecule is composed of more than 1_____
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Subunit
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When a cell consrtucts a______, molecule with many subunits, it uses_________
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macromolecule
Dehydration reaction |
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_________Is a chemical reaction resulting in a covalent bond with the accompaning loss of the water molecule
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Dehydration reaction
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During Dehydration reaction the euivilance of a _______ molecule is removed
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Water
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To undo Dehydration reaction the cell uses_______ in which water is added
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Hydrolosis reaction
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________Always contain carbon, and hydrogen atoms.
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Carbohydrates
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The numbar of carbon atoms in a carbohydrate is low called a simple sugar or _______
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monosaccharide
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________, hextose our bodies use is an immediate sorce of energy
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Glucose
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A ______ is made by joining 2 monosaccharides together by Dehydration reaction
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Disaccharide
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we store carbohydrate as_______not as simple sugars
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Starch
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________do don't dissolve in water due to absense of polar groups. Contain little oxygen and are mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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Lipid
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These for when glycerol molecules react with three fatty acid molecules
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Fats and oils
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a fat is sometimes called a____ because of its 3 pt structure, or a________because it had no charges
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Triglyceride
Neutral fat |
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These can cause fats to mix with water, they contain molecules with a non-polar end and a polar end.
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Emulsifiers
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A _______is a carbon-hydrogen chain ending with the acidic group COOH. They are either saturated or unsaturated.
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Fatty acid
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Fatty acids have only one single_________
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covalent bond
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__________have double bonds
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Unsaturated bonds
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