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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the constraints and positives of land plants when concerning shoots?
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Constraints- The shoot has no physical support and the little availabilty of water
Positives- Availabilty to sunlight Gases are readily available Easy for plant to grow through |
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What are the constraints and positives of land plants when concerning roots?
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Constraints-
difficult to grow through abrasive Positives source of water and minerals good physical support |
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What is an alternative in the plants due to the constraints in shoot and roots?
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Epiphytes( develop ways to use the moisture in the air to survive )
Parasitic plants (Some plants remain below ground ) |
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What is the purpose of the vasculature?
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Takes care of support
Also takes care of transportation |
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What is a uniqueness of plants?
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Plants are autotrophic
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What is the first product of photosynthesis?
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glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
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Describe the process of photosynthesis?
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Combine CO2 and H2O, use light and form CH2O and release O2
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What is the building block of many compounds and is created in photosynthesis?
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CH2O
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What is definition of minerals?
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A mineral is a naturally-occuring inorganic element/compound
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How can the plant obtain minerals?
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They can obtain minerals via: soil (weathering of parent rock)
Or indirectly-symbiotic organisms |
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When minerals are obtained from the soil they can be obtained via indirectly, how can this happen?
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Plants can obtain minerals via the Mycorrhizal fungus(they can obtain phosphates)
They can also obtain minerals via nodules which can fix nitrogen |
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What are two things that give plants its uniqueness?
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Plants are sessile and they are autotrophic
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What are some of the stresses involved with sessisle?
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Physiological:
Obtaining water, minerals, The variability of temperature, light Pathogens and herbivores (plants have no immune system) Sexual reproduction: need to find mates for outbreeding, "inbreeding is bad" Dispersing Spores and offspring: They have to do this so the offspring don't overgrow parent and compete for resources Competition for light, minerals, and water |
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How are Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen obtained in plants?
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They are obtained via atmosphere or water itself (roots)
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What is one way the plants and animals differ in the way they obtain minerals?
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Plants obtain minerals via the soil
Animals obtain minerals via eating other organisms |
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What are the criteria for determing what is an essential mineral?
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They are necessary for normal development and reproduction through a full life cycle
Restoration of growth/reproduction occurs ONLY with that element Must be taken up by plant and used internally ---Some elemnt just help make an element essential |
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There are two ways to determine whether an element is essential for a plant, what are those two ways and which is better and why?
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Hydroponics-grow plants in defined mineral solutions in the absence of soil
Study chemical composition of plants- not the best way because the endodermis isn't always the best at preventing unwanted minerals from entering the plant |
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Give the story on Knops and von Sachs?
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They grew plants in inorganic medium via hydroponics, trial and error (to find which are toxic, proper concentrations and correct compound)
What they found was 6 minerals: Ca(2+), NO3-, K+, SO4(2-), Mg(2+), PO4(2-) |
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There are 13 known essential mineral elements, what are some reasons for not knowing more?
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Impurities in chemicals
Different requirements of different plants Spme need certain conditions Some plants too big to be tested |
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Between the anion and cation compounds, which are taken up as compounds (what is the only anion that can be taken up as element?
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Anions
Cl |
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What are the macroelement and microelement mmol numer?
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30-1,000 mmol/g dry weight of plant
micro-.0001-7mmol/g |
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What are the microelement minerals?
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Cation-Make Club Feel Zion
Magnesium Zn(zinc) Fe(Iron Copper(Cu) Anions MoO4(2-) Chlorine Boron BO3(2-) |
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What are the macroelement minerals?
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Cations-
Ca(2+) K(+) Mg(2+0 Anions PO4(-) -----H2PO4- SO4(2-) NO3(-) |
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What are three minerals that required in specific plants?
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Sodium used in mangroves and salt marsh plants
Selenium-comes in many oxidation states and can be very toxic Silicon-Used in some glasses and used in glandular trichomes |
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What is mineral is uesd in amino acids, nucleic acids and chlorophyll?
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Nitrogen
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What are the two kinds of soils?
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Mineral and Organic
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Describe mineral soil?
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It is 5% organic material (Humus mostly cellulose)
The cellulose can: 1. It is negatively charged so it binds up cations, similar to a storage 2. Provides more surface area for H2O retention 3. reduces packing, allowing better water movement |
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Describe organic soil?
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50% organic matter and is often acidic(low pH) and may become anaerobic (use sulfur)
There are two types of organic soils PEAT-not too decomposed, still see parts of plants MUCK-greater decomposition, cannot see plant parts |
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What type of bond are cellulose?
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Beta 1,4 bond of glucose
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What can rain cause in soil?
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Cause leaching, some components washed away and can cause layering because particles sort on size basis
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Where are bog people?
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In organic soils, peat
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