Bio

Front 1

Term often used to refer to Pranceas, liver, and gall bladder, because their role in the process of digestion is vital, but they are not physically part of the digestive tract.

Back 1

Accessory organs

Front 2

enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into simpler sugars

Back 2

Amylase

Front 3

enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of carbohydrates

Back 3

Carbonhydrase

Front 4

Chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction

Back 4

catalyst

Front 5

Chemical reaction in which the addition of a water molecule cleaves a macromolecule into subunits; one hydrogen atom from water is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group is bonded to the other subunit, breaking a covalent bond in the macromolecules; compare dehydration synthesis.

Back 5

hydrolysis

Front 6

Thick liquid formed by mixing food with gastric juice in the stomach.

Back 6

chyme

Front 7

In animals, a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus, through which food mover and is broken down into simpler compounds that are used for energy, growth, and cell repair.

Back 7

digestive tract

Front 8

Smooth, lump-like mass of food rolled by tongue to aid swallowing.

Back 8

bolus

Front 9

A large, complex assembly of organic molecules; four categories of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Back 9

macromolecule

Front 10

organ found in the abdomen that performs hundreds of functions as an accessory organ of the digestive system, including the secretion of bile to digest fats; other functions include plasma protein production, blood detoxification, and glycogen storage

Back 10

Liver

Front 11

Sugar that can be hydrolyzed into two monosaccharide subunits; examples include maltose and sucrose.

Back 11

disaccharide

Front 12

Monosaccharide simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars; for example glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Back 12

monosaccharide

Front 13

a muscular ring between the esophagus and the stomach that controls the movement of food into and out of the stomach

Back 13

Esophageal sphincter

Front 14

Chemical reaction that results in the formation of a covalent bond between two subunit molecules by the removal of an -OH group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from the other subunit; essentially, a molecule of water (h2O) is removed; compare to hydrolysis

Back 14

Dehydration synthesis

Front 15

Organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

Back 15

gall bladder

Front 16

The tendency of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment

Back 16

homeostasis

Front 17

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

Back 17

Lipase

Front 18

The amount of a nutrient that a person absorbs from a source, rather than the total amount actually in the source.

Back 18

bioavailability

Front 19

protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction

Back 19

enzyme

Front 20

The first 25cm of the small intestine; important sit of chemical digestion of chyme from the stomach

Back 20

duodenum

Front 21

microscopic projection found along exposed cell surfaces that greatly increases the surface area of the cell; found on the villi of the small intestine and on the membranes of certain cells.

Back 21

microvilli

Front 22

enzyme that hydrolyses the bonds between nucleotides in nucleic acids

Back 22

nucleases

Front 23

One of three enzymes (including CCK and GIP and secretin) secreted unot the bloodstream by the duodenum, causing inhibition of stomach movement and secretions, and enabling fatty meals to remain in the stomach longer than non-fatty meals; also stimulates the apncreas to release more bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chime.

Back 23

Secretin

Front 24

One of three enzymes (including CCK and GIP and secretin) secreted unot the bloodstream by the duodenum, causing inhibition of stomach movement and secretions, and enabling fatty meals to remain in the stomach longer than non-fatty meals; also stimulates the apncreas to release more bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chime.

Back 24

CCK

Front 25

One of three enzymes (including CCK and GIP and secretin) secreted unot the bloodstream by the duodenum, causing inhibition of stomach movement and secretions, and enabling fatty meals to remain in the stomach longer than non-fatty meals; also stimulates the apncreas to release more bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chime.

Back 25

GIP