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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic Cell - DNA
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Located in Nucleoid, not membrane-bound
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Prokaryotic Cell - interior
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cytoplasm is interior of the cell
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Prokaryote - Fimbriae
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attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes
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Prokaryote - Capsule
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jellylike outer coating of the prokaryotic cell
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Prokaryote - organelles
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lacks membrane bound organelles
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Eukaryotic Cell - DNA
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found in the nucleus, bound by double membrane
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Cells - in common
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-bounded by plasma membrane
-contain chromosomes -ribosomes |
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Eukaryotes - Nuclear envelope
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Nuclear envelope: double membrane, perforated by pores, continuous with ER
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Eukaryotes - Nucleolus
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involved in production of ribosomes; nucleus has more than one
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Eukaryotes - Chromatin
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consists of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in dividing cell
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Eukaryotes - Endoplasmic Reticulum
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active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes, has rough and smooth
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Eukaryotes - Ribosomes
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complexes that make protein, free in cytosol or bound to rough ER / nuclear envelope
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Eukaryotes - Golgi Apparatus
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organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
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Eukaryotes (animal cell) - lysosome
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digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
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Eukaryotes - Mitochondrion
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organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
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Eukaryotes - Peroxisome
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organelle w/various metabolic functions, produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product then converts it to water
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Eukaryotes (animal cell) - Microvilli
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projections that increase cell surface area
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Eukaryotes - Cytoskeleton
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reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement
components made of protein: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules |
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Microfilaments
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solid rods ~7 nm d, twisted double chain of actin (globular protein): function bear tension, gives cortex(outer cytolasmic layer) gel consistency
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Microfilaments (cont) Myosin
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transport material across plasma membrane(animal cells)
aid in cell motility, myosin: acts as a microfilament-based motor protein, projections "walk" along actin, muscle contractions occur by myosin filamints sliding past each other |
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Microtubules - dimensions / tubulin
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hollow ~25nm d, 200nm - 25(micro)m l. Constructed from tubulin (dimer of alpha and beta tubulin) grow by adding tubulin. + end can add and subtract tubulin at a higher rate than the other
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Microtubules - centrosomes / centrioles
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animal cells - region near nucleus where microtubules grow out
pair of centrioles composed of nine sets of triblet microtubules in a ring, not essential for function in all eukaryotes |
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Microtubules - cilia / flagella
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microtubule containing extensions that project from a cell
cilia - .25(micro)m d, 2-20(micro)m length, occur in large numbers, row motion flagella - .25(micro)m d, 10-200(micro)m, limited to one or two,undulate on its axis |
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Microtubules - basal body
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similar to centriole, basal body of sperm becomes centriole
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Microtubules - dyneins
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pair of proteins spaced along the doublets of microtubules reaching towards the other, composed of several polypeptides. two "feet" "walk" along microtubule and causes microtubules to bend when anchored.
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Intermediate Filaments
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8-12nm d, specialized to bear tension, important in reinforcing shape of cell and fixing position of organelles
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Nuclear envelope
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encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm - double membrane
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nuclear lamina
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a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope
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Ribosomes
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complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, carry out protein synthesis. Free Ribosomes - in cytosol
Bound Ribosomes - attached to ER or nuclear envelope Bound and free are structurally identical |
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Endomembrane System - vesicle
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sacs made of membrane, transport vesicles transport stuff
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ER
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consists of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae. ER membrane separates internal compartment of ER, the ER lumen or cisternal space, from the cytosol.
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Smooth ER
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lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids (oils, phospholipids, steroids). Enzymes help detoxify drugs (liver cells)
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Rough ER
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makes secretory proteins (most are glycoproteins: proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them)
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Golgi Apparatus
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center of manufacturing, products of ER are modified and stored, then shipped. cis face accepts, trans face gives rise to vesicles
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Lysosome
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sac of hydrolytic enzymes that animal cells use to digest macromolecules. Some lysosomes come from golgi
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