Bio 300 Evolution Final

Front 1

Under what four circumstances will deltaP=zero?

Back 1

P=0
Q=0
WA-Wa=0
Wa=W2=W3

Front 2

Number of Base Pairs in the Human Genome:

Back 2

3.5*10(9)

Front 3

Number of Base Pairs in Drosophila:

Back 3

1.7*10(8)

Front 4

Number of Genes in Human:

Back 4

30,000

Front 5

Number of Genes in Drosiphila:

Back 5

13,000

Front 6

The transcribed region of the average human gene, before introns are excised?

Back 6

4705bb

Front 7

Exons on average of the human gene

Back 7

8.8

Front 8

2 species of sea urchin that diverged from C.A. on either side of Panamanian Isthmus. Estimate the rate of mutation per base pair per generation need what info?

Back 8

Neutral Theory and Genetic Drift using the whole genome sequence

Front 9

Range of variation in chromosome number in mammals

Back 9

3-42

Front 10

Range of vaiation in chromosomes in insects

Back 10

1-122

Front 11

Punctuated Equilibrium's two tenets and one corollary:

Back 11

Stasis Dominates
Change accompanies speciation

process of speciation occurs through peripheral populations

Front 12

4 profoundly significant evolutionary events that took place during the Precambrian:

Back 12

Meiosis
Sex
Multicellularity
Endosymbiants

Front 13

Evolution is a ___________ process

Back 13

population

Front 14

Define mutation:

Back 14

= change in individual

Front 15

Define substitution:

Back 15

= change in population

Front 16

This is the mechanism by which gene families evolve:

Back 16

Unequal crossing over

Front 17

How does the evolution of gene families allow for evolutionary innovation?

Back 17

Relaxing functional restraint with more gene copies

Front 18

This is the name of a post-transcriptional mechanism of producing alternative protein phenotypes from the same underlying coding gene:

Back 18

Alternative splicing

Front 19

Genetic drift __________ variation within randomly mating populations

Back 19

Decreases

Front 20

Genetic drift ______________ varation among populations that are reproductively isolated.

Back 20

Increases

Front 21

This is the key phenomenon that Darwin discovered through his reading of Malthus' Principles of Populations:

Back 21

Competition for resources

Front 22

These are observations that Darwin made that allowed him to consider the magnitude of the age of earth and life:

Back 22

Atoll formation
Giant sloth fossils
Marine fossils in the Andes

Front 23

These are observations that Darwin made that made him consider the connectedness of life through common ancestry:

Back 23

Finches of Galapagos and their similarity to mainland

Front 24

Malthus:

Back 24

Competition for Resources

Front 25

Smith:

Back 25

Invisible Hand

Front 26

Haeckel:

Back 26

Ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny

Front 27

Von Baer:

Back 27

Laws of ontogeny

Front 28

Whewell:

Back 28

Consilience of induction

Front 29

Modern systematisists agree that classification should be guided by ____________.

Back 29

Phylogeny

Front 30

Symapomorphy:

Back 30

Character shared and derived

Front 31

Plesiomorphy:

Back 31

Ancestral State

Front 32

This is the name of the test you would use to determine whether or not taxon A was evolving faster than taxon B:

Back 32

Relative rate test

Front 33

These are two reasons why phylogenies of genetic markers (genes) do not always agree with the phylogenetic histories of the organisms in which they have evolved:

Back 33

Horizontal gene transfer (vector) incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization/gene duplicating

Front 34

This in an example of the individualization of a modular character?

Back 34

Individualization of teeth

Front 35

In what case has individualization of a modular trait been reversed during evolution?

Back 35

Reversion to modular teeth

Front 36

A common form of paedomorphosis, ___________ occurs when the developmental period is shortened.

Back 36

Progenesis

Front 37

A common form of paedomorphosis, __________ occurs when the allometric growth coefficient is reduced.

Back 37

Neoteny

Front 38

This is the equation that defines the frequency of a recessive, deleterious allele, q(a), at mutation-selection equilibrium:

Back 38

q(2)=M/S
=q=sq.rt.M/S

Front 39

Estimating the rate at which neutral mutations arise and are destined to go to fixation in a population in any generation is directly proportional to:

Back 39

rate of mutation

Front 40

This is the reason that, according to the principles of mutation, genetic drift, and N.S. we expect adaptive evolution to occur more rapidly in large populations:

Back 40

Adaptive evolution is faster in larger populations - large population holds more "lottery tickets" drift is less reative to population size.

Front 41

Neanderthals lived in _________ and where replaced by modern humans ______________.

Back 41

Europe

30-40 kya

Front 42

The first hominin forms appeared at approximately _____________.

Back 42

170 kya