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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compounds that consist only of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms
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Organic
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Process by which enzymes build large molecules from small subunits; water also forms
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Condensation
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Compound that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it
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Enzyme
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A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts of a specific chemical property
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Functional group
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Compound or region of one that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms
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Hydrocarbon
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Process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into small subunits by attaching hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to another
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Hydrolysis
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All enzyme mediated chemical reactions by which cells aquire and use energy as they build up and break down organic molecules
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Metabolism
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Molecules that are subunits of polymers
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Monomers
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Molecule that consists of multiple monomers
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Polymer
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Lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one, two, or 3 fatty acid tails
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Fat
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Organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with and acidic carboxyl group at one end. Carbon chain of saturated types has single bonds only; that of unsaturated types has one or more double bonds
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Fatty acid
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Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound
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Lipid
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A lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two non polar fatty acid tails; main constitutent of eukaryotic cell membranes
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Phospholipid
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Type of liquid with 4 carbon rings and no fatty acid tails
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Steroid
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A fat with 3 fatty acid tails
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Trygliceride
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Water repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings
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Wax
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Small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. Consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a characteristic side group, and typically bonded to the carbon atom
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Amino acid
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A bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acid in protein
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Peptide bond
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Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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Polypeptide
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Organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids
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Protein
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Infectious protein
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Prion
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Small organic molecules that function as energy carriers, enzyme helpers, chemical messengers, and subunits of DNA and RNA
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Nucleotides
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A row of 3 phosphate groups attached to its ribose sugar
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ATP
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Polymers, chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next
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Nucleic acid
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Ribonucleic acid
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RNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA
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