Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Algae |
Unicellular or multicellular -photosynthetic aquatic protist |
|
|
Plant |
-Multicellular Photosynthetic eukaryote with cellulose based cell walls |
|
|
Embryo |
Organisms prebirth stage of development |
|
|
Sporic reproduction |
Sexual reproduction that alternates between a gamete-making individual and a spore making individual |
|
|
Gametophyte |
Haploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces gamites by Mitosis |
|
|
Sporophyte |
Diploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces spores by meiosis |
|
|
What is seaweed |
Multicellular algea |
|
|
How are seaweeds classified |
Into three phyla based on their colour (brown red green) |
|
|
What is the largest and most complex protists |
Brown algea |
|
|
What anchors algea to rocks or surfaces |
Holdfast |
|
|
Whats a stipe |
(seaweed) -Long stem like structure |
|
|
What are seaweed blades |
-Used to collect light |
|
|
Most abundant algea in costal waters |
Red algea |
|
|
Pigment in red algea |
-Phycoerythrin |
|
|
Why do red algea look red |
Light sensitive pigments reflect red wavelengths of light |
|
|
Uses of red algea |
Food |
|
|
Most plant like of algae |
Green algae |
|
|
Cell walla of green algae |
Cellulose |
|
|
Why is green algae similar to land plants |
-Chlorophylls a and b -Cellulose in walls -DNA shows similar strands |
|
|
Ex of non vascular plants |
Mosses liverworts hornworts |
|
|
Examples of vascular plants |
Ferns gymnosperms Angiosperms |
|
|
When dis ancestral green algea forst exsist |
700 mya |
|
|
When did first vascular plants exsist |
350 mya |
|
|
Limitation of first land planta |
No tissues that allowed the transport of different materials over long distances |
|
|
What group did vascular tissue evolve into |
Vascular plants |
|
|
Two groups of vascular tissue |
Xylem and phloem |
|
|
What does xylem contain |
Water and minerals |
|
|
Xylem tissue |
Dead tube shaped cells that contain tough material called lignin |
|
|
Phloem tissue |
Made of living cells arranged in tubular form |
|
|
What is sporic reproduction also known as |
Alternations of generations |
|
|
Haploid |
Gametophyte |
|
|
Diploid |
Sporophyte |
|
|
How many Chromosomes does a diploid cell contain |
2 sets |
|
|
Bryophyte |
-Small non vascular land plant |
|
|
Gymnosperm |
Vascular plant with non enclosed seeds |
|
|
Angiosperm |
Vascular plant with seeds enclosed in protective tissue |
|
|
Cone |
Gymnosperm structure that contains male or female reproductive parts |
|
|
Flower |
Collection of structures in angiosperm used for sexual reproduction |
|
|
Fruit |
Mature ovary of a flower that protects and disperses dormant seeds |
|
|
Monocot |
Major cluster of flowering plants(one cotyledon) |
|
|
Dicot |
Major cluser of flowering plants (two cotyledons) |
|
|
What 3 phyla do bryophytes include |
Mosses liverworts hornworts |
|
|
What do mosses liverworts and hornworts depend on to transport nutrients |
Diffusion and osmosis |
|
|
Where do bryophytes usually grow |
Low tangled vegetation |
|
|
What do non vascular plants have instead of roots |
Rhizoids |
|
|
What important ecosystem service do bryophytes provide |
Nutrient cycling |
|
|
Do seedless vascular plants have vascular tissue |
Yes |
|
|
Examples of seedless vascular plants |
-Whisk ferns -Club mosses -Horsetails |
|
|
What do seeds allow plants to do |
-Allows plants to reproduce sexually without needing water, and provide protection against harsh environmental conditions |
|
|
Advantages of seeds |
-Can survive without water for many years |
|
|
What does gymnosperm actually mean |
Naked seed |
|
|
Examples of gymnosperms |
Pines Firs Cedars Yews Spruce Redwood |
|
|
What are conifer reproductive structures known as |
Cones |
|
|
Male cones are.. |
Soft, short-lived |
|
|
Female cones are.. |
Hard-longer lasting |
|
|
Pollen grains |
Tiny gametophytes that never form a free living plant |
|
|
Angiosperms are known as.. |
Flowering plants |
|
|
How do plants with small flowers transport pollen |
Wind |
|
|
How do large plants transport pollen |
Through animals |
|
|
Stamen |
Male reproductive organ |
|
|
Anther |
Where pollen is produced and stored |
|
|
Pollen |
Cases thay contain male gamates |
|
|
Filament stalk |
Supports anther |
|
|
Stigma |
Captures pollen grains |
|
|
Style |
Stalk that supports stigma |
|
|
Ovary |
Swollen base of the carpel that contains ovules |
|
|
Ovules |
Sacs that contain female gametes |
|
|
Seed leaf is also known as.. |
Cotyledon |
|
|
What is cotyledon |
Structure in embryo that helps to nourish the plant when it first starts to grow |
|
|
Examples of dicots |
Dandelion Crab apple Maple trees |
|
|
Examples of monocots |
Corn Orchids Onions |
|
|
Fungus |
Heterotrophic eukaryotic organism -Cell wall contains chitin |
|
|
Hypa |
Basic structural units that make up the body of a multicellular fungus |
|
|
Mycelium |
Complex, net like mass made of branching hyphae |
|
|
Fruiting body |
Spore producing reproductive structure in fungi |
|
|
Zygospore |
Diploid structures that develop after two haploid hyphae of opposite types combine and fuse nuclei together |
|
|
Ascus |
Small finger like structure in which sac fungi develop spores |
|
|
Basidium |
Club shaped hypha -Release basidiospores |
|
|
Lichen |
-Organism that results from s mutualstic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic plant |
|
|
How do fungi feed |
Releasing Digestive enzymes into their surroundings, then absorbing the Digestive nutrients into their cells |
|
|
Majority of fungi are... |
Multicellular |
|
|
Where do mycelia live |
Soil |
|
|
Parasitic fungi nutrition |
-Absorb cells from living or a hosts cells organism |
|
|
Asexual reproduction in fungi |
Spore production |
|
|
What is budding in fungal reproduction |
-Smaller cell develops while attached to the parent cell -Smaller cell is pinched off the parent cell to produce new individual |
|
|
Fragmentation in fungal reproduction |
Piece of myceniene breaks and forms a new individual |
|
|
What phylum is fungi that dont produce sexually are placed in |
Single phylum |
|
|
What phylum is fungi that produce sexually are placed in |
4 phyla |
|
|
What can chytrids be |
Parasites or live on decaying plants |
|
|
Potatoe wart |
Deforms potatoes so they cannot be sold |
|
|
Are zygospores diploid |
Yes |
|
|
Until when do zygospores remain dormant |
Until conditions are favourable for growth |
|
|
How do most sac fungi obtain nutrition |
By breaking down materials in wood and bone |
|
|
What are lichens used for |
-Natural dye -Litmus paper |
|
|
Invertebrate |
No backbone |
|
|
Vertebrate |
Internal skeleton and back bone |
|
|
Radial symmetry |
Body plan that can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal halves |
|
|
Bilateral symmetry |
Body plan that can be divided along one plane into equal halves |
|
|
Coelom |
Fluid filled body cavity |
|
|
Segmentation |
Division of multicellular bodies into a series of repetitive parts |
|
|
Polyp |
Tube shaped sessile body form of cnidarians |
|
|
Medusa |
Umbrella shaped, free swimming, body form of cnidarians |
|
|
Mantle |
Membrane that surrounds a molluscs internal organs |
|
|
Exoskeleton |
Eternal protective skeleton |
|
|
Notochord |
Rod shaped structure -Used for the attachment of movement muscles |
|
|
Cartilage |
Flexible nonbony tough material |
|
|
Tetrapod |
Vertebrate with two pairs of limbs |
|
|
Ectothermy |
Reliance on environmental heat for determining internal body temperature |
|
|
Endothermy |
Use of metabolic heat to maintain a constant body temperature |
|
|
Mammary gland |
Gland producing milk |
|
|
Placenta |
Organ in the pregnant uterus -Exchanges nutrients between mother and offspring |
|
|
Mass extinction |
Large scale dieing out of a large percentage of all living organisms within an organism in a short time |
|
|
Biodiversity crisis |
Current decline in genetic, species and ecosystem diversity that may represent a mass extinction |
|
|
Modelling |
Idea about a mechanism is formulated and real life data are then used to see if the data fit the model |
|
|
Temperature sex determination |
System in which the sex of offspring is determined by incubation temperature |
