Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Composition of E-Coli Cell
|
70% water, 4% ions, 2% phospholipids, 1% DNA, 6% RNA, 15% proteins, 2% polysaccharides
|
|
|
Glucose reacts with UTP to form ___
|
UDP-glucose
|
|
|
__ reactions consume one water molecule
|
hydrolytic
|
|
|
ATP uses
|
1. energy
2. synthesis of RNA or DNA as dATP 3. regulation of pathways |
|
|
ATP energy amount
|
7.3 kjoules/mol
|
|
|
Amino acid + tRNA + ATP -->
|
amino acyl tRNA + ADP and Pi
|
|
|
amino acyl tRNA + n polypeptide -->
|
n+1 polypeptide
|
|
|
difference between DNA and RNA
|
2'OH in RNA, 2'H in DNA
|
|
|
Phosphate is an acid that reacts with___ to generate ____ (_____). Two are called
|
an alcohol group, ester linkages (phosphoester), phosphodiester
|
|
|
purposes of carbohydrates
|
1. energy storage
2. structural support 3. recognition |
|
|
storage of carbs in plants and animals
|
glycogen:animals, starch:plants
|
|
|
distribution of carbs in plants and animals
|
glucose:animals, sucrose:plants
|
|
|
carbohydrate covalently attached to a lipid (__) are found in___
|
lipopolysaccharide (many bacteria)
|
|
|
carbohydrates are polar/nonpolar, which lets them ____
|
polar, attract water to prevent dehydration
|
|
|
influenza contains a protein called ___ that binds to ____ containing a _____
|
HA, glycoproteins, terminal sialic acid sugar
|
|
|
sugars with beginning aldehydes are called __
|
aldose sugars
|
|
|
sugars with an internal carbonyl group are called __
|
ketose sugars
|
|
|
The ketose sugars will also generate rings through reaction of __
|
the carbonyl at C2 with the hydroxyl at C5.
|
|
|
The linear form of glucose has _ chiral carbons and the ring form has _
|
4,5
|
|
|
All cells only use _-glucose
|
D
|
|
|
Most amino acids are _-type
|
L
|
|
|
Most sugars are _type
|
D
|
|
|
differences in sialic acid
|
CH3 for humans, CH2OH for other mammals
|
|
|
HFCS has a ratio of __
|
60:40 fructose:glucose
|
|
|
using water is called ___ and making water is called ___
|
hydrolytic, condensation
|
|
|
UTP reacts with galactose to give __, which is then used by an enzyme to combine galactose with ___ in a condensation reaction that forms lactose. Therefore, a linkage is produced.
|
UDP-galactose, glucose, beta1->4
|
|
|
glucose + fructose makes ___ by using ___
|
sucrose, UTP
|
|
|
An enzyme called ___ will use UDP-glucose
|
glycogen synthase
|
|
|
The digestive enzyme __ can hydrolyse (add water across) the __ linkage to produce glucose from starch__
|
amalase, alpha 1-->4
|
|
|
starch is ___, cellulose is _____
|
alpha 1-->4, beta 1-->4
|
|
|
chitin is made of ____
|
N-acetylglucosamine (abbreviated GlcNAc.)
|
