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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speciation:
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New species
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microevelution:
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Changes within a population over generations
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Species:
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"kind" or "apperance"
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Taxonomy:
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Names and classifies species into large groups
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Biological Species Concept
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1942 by Ernst Mayr.
Species can produce fertal offspring |
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Morphological Species Concept
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Asexual Orginisms and Fossils
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Ecological Species Concept
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Nitches, Fish eat at differnt water levels
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Phylogentic species concept
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common ancesters, Mate different seasons
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Prezygotic Barriers
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-Temporal Isolation: Mating in different seasons.
-Habitat I: Dif habitats, dnt meet -Behavioral I: not attracted to -Mechanical:sex orgins not compatable -Gametic: Die before uniting or fail to unite |
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Postzyotic Barreirs
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-Reduced hybrid vialitiy: Do not survive
-reduced hybrid fertility: Sterile -hybrid breakdown: G2 sterile or feeble |
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Allopatric speciation
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Georgraphic barrier, issolated population
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Sympatric speciation:
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New parent species
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Polyploid;
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More then 2 complete sets of chromosomes
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Hybrid Zones
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members of different species make an offspring
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Fusion:
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When two species are not strong enough so they fuse into 1
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Adaptive Radiation:
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Evolution of many diverse species from common ancester
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Reproductive Barrier:
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isolate species gene pool and prevent interbreeding
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Speciation rates:
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Fossil records; little changes over LARGE time
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pathogenic
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bacteria causes disease
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Exotoxins-
Endotoxins- |
Created by bacteria; lockjaw
Release toxins after bacteria die;lyme disease |
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Eukaryotes-
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not bacteria
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Bioremediation:
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used in oil spills
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Adaptive reinforcment
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species form from only a few after a mass extintion
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Anatomy
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Study of form
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Physiology
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Study of function
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MRM
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Magnetic resonance microscopy
(baby) |
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PET
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Postron-emission tomography
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2 layers of skin
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-epidermis
-Dermis |
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4 stages of food process
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-Ingestion
-Digestion -Absorbtion -Elimination |
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Alimentary Canal
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Digestive track with 2 openings
-Mouth -Anus |
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Pharynx
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Throat
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Esophagus
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Between pharynx and Stomach
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Crop
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Food is softend and temp stored
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Stomach and gizzard
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where food is mechanicallly ground and may be stored temp
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Intesitne
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Between gizzard and stomach and anus where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur
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Anus
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Opening were undigested materials are expelled
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Peristalsis
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Smooth muscles move food along
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Sphincters
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Control movement of food in and out of digestive chambers
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Pyloric sphincter
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regulates passafe of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Limits upward movement of acids |
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Trachea
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Conducts air to the lungs
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Epiglottis
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Moves up when you swallow
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Pepsin
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chemically digests food
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Appendix
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Found near small intestine & colon
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Basil Metabolic Rate
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Energy resting animal needs each day
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Metabolic Rate
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BMR plus energy needed for physical activity
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Undernourishment-
Malnourshment- |
Not enough Calories
Missing nutrients |
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Two types of cholesterol
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1. LDL- Blocked blood vessels & high blood presure
2. HDL- reduce blocked blood vessels |
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integumentary system
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Hair,skin & nails
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Hydrolysis
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Chemical Digestion
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Gastrovascular cavity
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One opening=mouth
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Sphincters
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Regulate passage of food in and out of the stomach
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Bolus
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Tounge makes food into ball
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Larynx
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Voice Box
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Galbladder
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Stores Bile until needed in small intestin
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Liver
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Produces Bile
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Duodenum
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First 25 cm of small intestin
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Hepatic portal vein
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Transfers nutrients to the liver
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Appendix
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white bloodcells..helps imunity
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Cecum
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Outside of appendix
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Rectum
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Storage until eliminated
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Ruminants
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Have 4 stomach chambers
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Essential amino acids
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Must be added by our diet
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Epithelia
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lines the heart chambers
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Tracheal Systems
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In insects
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Gas exchange
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Oxygen,Co2
Between organism and environment |
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3 phases of gas exchange
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-Breathing
-Trasporte of oxygen and c02 in blood -Body tissue takes up 02 & releases Co2 (cellular respiration) |
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Cold, fresh, Turbulent
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Holds more oxygen
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