Bio 220: Lecture 17 - Classification

Front 1

What are fungi?

Back 1

eukaryotic heterotrophs (use organic compounds as a carbon source) that are often very parasitic (feed upon live cells) and/or saprophytic (feed upon dead and decaying cells)
• There are over 100,000 species of fungi
• They are plentiful form of life
• In their vegetative form they are non-motile.
• Fungi are organism that do not undergo photosynthesis.
• They can grow in a temperature range of 0 to 62 degrees C
• Optimum temperature is 20 to 30 degrees C
• They generally prefer a slightly acidic pH, and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar)
• They need less nitrogen than bacteria and can survive on such substances as paint and shoe leather.
• Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates that even bacteria cannot use
• They generally grow more slowly than bacteria
• To isolate fungal organisms from bacteria, add antibiotics. This will suppress the bacteria and allow yeasts or molds to grow

Front 2

How many types of fungi are there?

Back 2

over 100,000 species

Front 3

True/False: Fungi in their vegetative forms are non-motile

Back 3

true

Front 4

Fungi are organisms that do not undergo _____.

Back 4

photosynthesis

Front 5

What is the temperature that fungi can grow in?

Back 5

0 to 62 degrees C

Front 6

What is the optimum temperature of fungi?

Back 6

20 to 30 degrees C

Front 7

True/False: Fungi in their vegetative forms is motile.

Back 7

False

Front 8

True/False: Fungi undergoes photosynthesis.

Back 8

False

Front 9

True/False: Fungi generally prefer a slightly basic pH, and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar)

Back 9

False

Front 10

True/False: Fungi need less nitrogen than bacteria.

Back 10

True

Front 11

True/False: Fungi generally prefer a slightly acidic pH, and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar)

Back 11

True

Front 12

True/False: Fungi generally grow faster than bacteria

Back 12

False

Front 13

True/False: Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates that even bacteria cannot use.

Back 13

True

Front 14

What can be added to isolate fungal organisms from bacteria?

Back 14

antibiotics

Front 15

Fungi consists of ___ & ___.

Back 15

yeast & mold

Front 16

define: yeast

Back 16

unicellular, non-filamentous, spherical or oval forms
• facultative anaerobes
• When O₂ is present they will undergo aerobic respiration
• When O₂ is unavailable they will undergo fermentation and produce products such as ethanol and CO₂
• Some can be dimorphic appearing as cellular forms in certain circumstances and filamentous forms at other times.

Front 17

define: mold

Back 17

• typically multicellular, filamentous forms
• mostly aerobic with respect to their metabolism and form a fuzzy, powdery growth seen on plant and animal tissue.
• Some molds are dimorphic

Front 18

Fleshy fungi consists of the mushroom that are...

Back 18

multicellular, filamentous forms that produce a thick fleshy reproductive structure

Front 19

define: thallus

Back 19

is a "plant-like" structure that is not differentiated into stems, roots and leaves. The characteristics unit of a mold is the hypha

Front 20

hyphae

Back 20

can be used to characterize the molds
• Structurally, hyphae can be non-septate (coenocytic) where the cross walls between cells do not exist or septate, where cross walls between cells are present

Front 21

When septate, the cells of hyphae can have ___ nucleus.

Back 21

one nucleus (uninucleate) in some species, or possess more that one nucleus (multinuclear) in others.

Front 22

Functionally, hyphae can be ___ or ___.

Back 22

vegetative or reproductive

Front 23

Reproductive hyphae can produce either ___ or ___ spores.

Back 23

asexual or sexual

Front 24

Fungi can produce reproductive hyphae which project ___ their growth substance.

Back 24

above

Front 25

Fungal spores are both ___ and ___ cells.

Back 25

resistant and reproductive cells

Front 26

The spores land back upon the substrate and form ___.

Back 26

new hyphae

Front 27

___ produce new hyphae with the same genetics as the strain from which they came.

Back 27

Asexual spores

Front 28

___ will form hyphae with the mixed genetics from two different strains of the mold.

Back 28

Sexual spores

Front 29

What are some asexual spore types?

Back 29

1. blastospores
2. chlamydospores
3. arthrospores
4. sporangiospores
5. conidospores