Bio 220: Lab Final

Front 1

What does turbid mean?

Back 1

cloudiness

Front 2

How much organism must be present to detect turbity?

Back 2

10⁷ organism/mL

Front 3

Convert 10⁻¹ mm to µm

Back 3

10² µm

Front 4

Convert 10³ mm to meter(s)

Back 4

1 meter

Front 5

Convert 10³ µm to millimeters

Back 5

1 mm

Front 6

Convert 10³ nanometers to micrometers (µm)

Back 6

1 micrometer

Front 7

Convert 10⁶ micrometers to meter(s)

Back 7

1 meter

Front 8

What does TNTC mean?

Back 8

too numerous to count

Front 9

define: pathogenesis

Back 9

origin or birth of disease

Front 10

define: labile

Back 10

heat it and it will break down

Front 11

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 11

• gram negative organism
• heat labile toxin

Example of a Gram Stain

Front 12

Salmonella spp.

Back 12

• gram negative organism
• live organism growth

Front 13

Shigella spp.

Back 13

• gram negative organism
• live organism growth

Front 14

Campylobacter jejuni

Back 14

• gram negative organism
• live organism growth

Front 15

Escherichia coli

Back 15

• gram negative organism
• rod, coccobacillary form, singles, pairs, short chains
• live organism growth
• grown at 37° C
• grown on nutrient agar
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 16

Clostridium botulism

Back 16

• gram negative organism
• heat labile toxin
• causes botulism

Front 17

What are some characteristics of the Clostridium species?

Back 17

• can form spores
• anaerobic (likes O₂)
• produces a deadly neurotoxin

Front 18

Bacillus megaterium

Back 18

• creamy texture

Front 19

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Back 19

• creamy textures
• oval cells, round cells - almost football shaped

Front 20

Aspergillus niger

Back 20

• black stuff = spores

Front 21

Chlorella vulgaris

Back 21

• photosynthetic cell
• greenish tint, round cells

Front 22

Bacillus subtilis

Back 22

• gram positive organism
• rod arrangement: singles, chains (palisades patter)
• spores - capable of making spores (may or may not be present)
Example of a Simple Stain TCV

Front 23

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 23

• gram positive organism
• coccus, irregular clusters
• fastidious organism
Example of a Simple Stain TCV

Front 24

Streptococcus faecalis

Back 24

Enterococcus faecalis (newer name)
• gram negative organism
• coccus, pairs, short chains
Example of a Simple Stain TCV

Front 25

Sarcina lutea

Back 25

• gram positive organism
• coccus, box cars (pairs of 8)
• lutea means yellow
Example of a Simple Stain TCV

Front 26

Neisseria sicca

Back 26

• gram negative
• diplococci, filaments
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 27

Sarcina lutea

Back 27

• gram positive
• box cars (8s)
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 28

Proteus vulgaris

Back 28

• gram negative
• light pinkish color
• small cells
• rod - coccibacilliary
• grown at 37° C
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 29

Micrococcus luteus

Back 29

• gram positive
• tetrads
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 30

What occurred during the motility test with Proteus vulgaris?

Back 30

diffused cloudiness

Front 31

What occurred during the motility test with Escherichia coli?

Back 31

cloudy on top & everywhere

Front 32

What occurred during the motility test with Staphylococcus aureus?

Back 32

non-motile form

Front 33

Flavobacterium capsulatum

Back 33

• gram negative rod
• tiny cells, yellow organism
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 34

Streptomyces albus

Back 34

• Streptomyces genus is associated with antibiotics
• gram variable depending on age of bacteria, you may/may not see features
appearance: nice, white chalky growth, stubborn to get out, smells like a musty basement
• grown at 37° C
• filamentous
• coccoid structures, prokaryotic cell
• uniqus

Front 35

Bacillus cereus varieties mycoides

Back 35

• spreading like a mold
• given in broth culture
• has longer chains that Bacillus cereus
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 36

Enterobacter aerogenes

Back 36

• gram negative rods
• coliform: grows in the intestines
• grown at 37° C
Example of a Gram Stain

Front 37

The Zones of Inhibition depend on:

Back 37

1. concentration of antibiotic on disc
2. temperature
3. thickness of media used

Front 38

What is the Cold Acid Fast Stain Technique used to highlight?

Back 38

This stain is designed to reveal the members of the genus Mycobacterium. They are acid fast positive due to a waxy substance in their cell walls known as mycolic acid which hods on to the carbolfuchsin. All other bacteria will stain acid fast negative

Acid fast positive cells are stained the pink/red color of carbolfuchsin. Acid Fast negative cells are stained the light blue color of methylene blue.

Front 39

What is the Cell Wall Staining Procedure used to highlight?

Back 39

This procedure is used to highlight the cell wall and therefore provide an improved look at cell morphology. Although there is swelling of the cells, this enlargement occurs proportionally so that the shape of the cell is maintained. This technique is useful in determining morphology of smaller cocci and coccobacillary forms.

Most bacterial cell walls have a net anionin (negative charge). Cetypridinum choloride is a cationic solution that places a positive charge on the cell wall exterior by sticking to the negative charge on the cell wall. The Congo Red is negatively charged and when introduced can not stick to the positive charge of the added cetylpyridinium chloride.

Front 40

What is the Capsule Stain used to distinguish?

Back 40

Leaving the structures a violet/purple color. However, the Copper Sulfate will remove the Tyler's Crystal Violet from the capsule, leaving them almost colorless

Front 41

The plague is caused by ___.

Back 41

Yersinia pestis

Front 42

Tuberculosis is caused by ___.

Back 42

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 43

Necrotizing fascitis caused by

Back 43

Streptococcus pyogenes
also called "flesh eating" bacteria

Front 44

Lassa fever is caused by

Back 44

Lassa fever

Front 45

West Nile encephalitis is caused by

Back 45

West Nile virus

Front 46

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by

Back 46

Ebola virus

Front 47

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by

Back 47

SARS virus

Front 48

What does liquefaction mean?

Back 48

that the organism was capable of protein (gelatin) hydrolysis
A positive result means that the tube showed some form of liquid when placed in an ice bath.

Front 49

define: ubiquitous

Back 49

omnipresent or everywhere

Front 50

define: colony

Back 50

a macroscopic visible growth of microorganisms on a solid culture medium, which may be derived from one or more cells. To visualize a colon, there must be at least 10⁶ cells. A pinpoint colony is referred to as a punctiform colony

Front 51

define: nonsocomial infection

Back 51

an infection derived from a clinical/hospital setting

Front 52

define: fastidious organisms

Back 52

organisms that have complex nutritional requirements

Front 53

define: resolution

Back 53

the ability to distinguish fine detail; also called resolving power

Front 54

define: fomites

Back 54

inanimate objects capable of absorbing, retaining and transmitting infectious agents

Front 55

What is the resolution of a microscope?

Back 55

0.2 micrometers

Front 56

define: bacteriostatic

Back 56

inhibits growth and reproduction of bacteria

Front 57

define: bactericidal

Back 57

kills microorganisms