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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 4 layers of the gastrointestinal tract?
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Tunica Mucosa
Tunica Submucosa Tunica Muscularis Tunica Adventitia |
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Structure and Function of Tunica Mucosa?
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Epithelial Layer
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Produces Digestive glands
Mucous membrane protects from digestive juices |
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Structure and Function of Tunica submucosa?
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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Location of blood, lymphatic, and nervous system vessels.
Blood vessels for absorption. Parasympathetic and sympathetic connections here |
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Function of the parasympathetic vs sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system?
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Parasympathetic:
Everyday functions like digestion. Promotion of release of digestive juices Increase motility in GI tract |
Sympathetic:
Decrease digestive functions Decrease motility in GI tract |
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Structure and function of tunica muscularis?
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Smooth muscle layer with 2 regions:
Inner circular and outer longitudinal layer |
Promotes movement of GI tract through peristalsis
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Structure and Function of tunica adventitia?
What is in the center? |
At beginning and end of GI tube
Connective tissue anchors tube to body wall, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves to tube |
In center is serosa or serous membrane
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Structure and Function of serous membranes?
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Membrane that lines cavity and organs within cavity that don't open to exterior.
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What are the 3 serous membranes and what 2 components do they all share?
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Pleural
Pericardial Peritoneal |
All have perietal peritoneum
All have visceral peritoneum |
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Function of the perietal peritoneum?
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Lines the body wall
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Function of the visceral peritoneum?
What is space in between called (fluid)? |
Covers organs within cavity (stomach, small intestines, large intestines)
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Paritoneal space contains fluid
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3 things exit the cloaca?
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Liquid & solid waste, & gametes
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What is diphyodont? What are the organisms that have it?
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Have 2 sets of teeth.
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Mammals have
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What is polyphyodant? What are the organisms that have it?
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Has many replacement sets of teeth.
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All vertebrates w/ teeth except mammals.
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What is homodont vs heterodont?
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Homodont- teeth are same within same organism
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Heterodont- teeth vary within organism
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These 3 organism species have Homodont & polyphyodont?
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Fish, Amphibians, & Reptiles
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These 4 organism species have oral glands?
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Terrestrial amphibians
reptiles, birds, & Mammals |
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Birds have which kind of teeth?
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Edentate- No teeth
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Mammals have glands?
Mammals have the 3 types of teeth? |
Mammals have oral glands
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Have heterodont, diphyodont, and monophyodont
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What is function of small intestines?
What are 2 parts of small intestines in all vertebrates? In mammals? |
All digestion completed here in vertebrates.
Most absorption occurs here. 2 parts are duodenum and ileum |
In mammals, parts are
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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Large intestines AKA?
Function? |
Colon
Prepares excretory product for excretion |
Absorbs majority of water here.
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What is shape and 3 parts of stomach of Man?
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J-shaped
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Top= cardiac region
Middle = Fundus Bottom= pyloris region |
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Characteristics of tunica mucosa in stomach of man?
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Is irregularly folded (like crumbled paper)= Rugae
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Function of Rugae is for distention
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Characteristics of tunica muscularis in man?
Function of middle layer? |
Most of tract is skeletal.
2 Layers= inner circular, middle oblique, and outer longitudinal |
Middle Oblique facilitates churning
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Near pyloris at base of stomach is?
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Pyloric Sphincter
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What is duodenum?
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C-shaped and most fixed part of small intestine
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What is Jejunum?
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Highly coiled
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What is ileum?
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Circular smooth muscle
End of ileum is ileosecal valve which controls passage of waste producte from small intestine. |
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Characteristics of tunica mucosa in small intestines of man?
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Fingerlike projections called villi stick out into lumen
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What are the crypts of lieberkuhn?
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Portion of villi that extends down into submucosa
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What does it mean that intestines are plicae?
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They are pleated or folded to increase surface area
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Breaking of cecum is?
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Appendix
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3 ways to increase surface area in man's intestines?
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Villi
Each cell at luminar surface has brushed border/ microvilli Mucosa is pleated |
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3 Salivary glands of man?
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Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
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LEFT COLUMN?
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RIGHT COLUMNS?
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