Bio 219: Map #11 Urinary System

Front 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the urinary system?
a. regulation of plasma ionic composition
b. regulation of plasma osmolarity
c. regulation of insulin secretion
d. regulation of plasma volume

Back 1

c. regulation of insulin secretion

Front 2

As the glomerular filtrate is formed, it flows from the Bowman'capsule into the _____________.

Back 2

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 3

hat two structures make up the renal corpuscle?

Back 3

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Front 4

Blood leaves the ________ and enters the glomerulus.

Back 4

afferent arteriole

Front 5

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

Back 5

vasa recta

Front 6

The selective transport of molecules from the lumen of the renal tubules to the interstitial fluid outside the tubules is known as which of the following?

Back 6

Reabsorption

Front 7

Which of the following forms the filtration barrier?
a. podocytes only
b. basement membrane only
c. capillary endothelial cells only
d. capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane and podocytes

Back 7

d. capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane and podocytes

Front 8

Changes in mean arterial pressure have the potential to alter glomerular filtration rate by directly altering which of the following?
a. glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. effect arteriole resistance
c. Bowman's capsule oncotic pressure
d. glomerular oncotic pressure
d. Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure

Back 8

a. glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Front 9

A hemorrhage-induced decrease in mean arterial pressure will decrease glomerular filtration rate by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms; the extrinsic mechanisms act through ________.

Back 9

the sympathetic nervous system

Front 10

What condition(s) must exist for a solute to be passively reabsorbed from the renal tubules?

Back 10

The solute must be able to permeate the membrane of the tubule epithelial cells, and the solute must be in greater concentration in the tubule fluid than plasma.

Front 11

Within the kidneys, what membrane has microvillli?

Back 11

apical membrane of renal tubule epithelial cells

Front 12

The diffusion of water across a tubule is driven by differences in ________ across the membrane.

Back 12

osmolarity

Front 13

When the solute concentration is high enough in the lumen of the renal tubules such that all of the carrier proteins or pumps for that solute are occupied, the system is operating at ________.

Back 13

transport maximum

Front 14

The concentration of glucose in tubular epithelial cells is maintained in an elevated state by what type of transporter on the apical membrane?

Back 14

sodium-linked secondary active transporter

Front 15

True/False: Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure is greater than systemic capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Back 15

true

Front 16

True/False: The intrinsic and extrinsic controls of glomerular filtration rate ultimately involve changes in resistance at the afferent arteriole.

Back 16

true

Front 17

True/False: An increase in sympathetic activity will increase glomerular filtration rate.

Back 17

false

Front 18

Which of the following substances is NOT secreted at any point into the renal tubules?
a. choline
b. sodium
c. creatinine
d. potassium
e. hydrogen

Back 18

b. sodium

Front 19

Most reabsorption occurs in the ________ and is ________.

Back 19

proximal tubule; not regulated

Front 20

Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates sodium reabsorption?

Back 20

aldosterone

Front 21

Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates water reabsorption.

Back 21

antidiuretic hormone

Front 22

What creates the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla?

Back 22

special transport systems of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 23

Substances can enter the renal tubules by what renal processes?

Back 23

both filtration and secretion

Front 24

True/False: The reabsorption of sodium and water occurs in a relatively unregulated manner in the proximal tubules.

Back 24

true

Front 25

True/False: Material that enters the lumen of the renal tubules is excreted unless it is reabsorbed.

Back 25

true

Front 26

Lack of rehydration during exercise can lead to excessive loss of fluids through sweat. As water is lost and the osmolarity of fluids increases, which of the following events will most likely take place?
a. inhibition of release of ADH
b. increase of urine output
c. decrease in reabsorption of water
d. increase in release of ADH

Back 26

d. increase in release of ADH

Front 27

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the filtrate will always be ________.

Back 27

of a lower osmolarity than the medullary interstitial fluid

Front 28

At high concentrations of antidiuretic hormone, the extent of water reabsorption in the collecting ducts is ________, causing urine output to ________.

Back 28

high; decrease

Front 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the stimuli that will result in the release of antidiuretic hormone?
a. decreased blood pressure
b. increased osmolarity
c. angiotensin II
d. decreased plasma volume
e. decreased plasma potassium

Back 29

e. decreased plasma potassium

Front 30

True/False: The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

Back 30

true

Front 31

Renin acts on ________________by cleaving off some amino acids, converting it to_____________.

Back 31

angiotensinogen; angiotensin I

Front 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of angiotensin II?
a. Angiotensin II stimulates ADH secretion
b. Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by cells of the atria of the heart.
c. Angiotensin II stimulates vasoconstriction
d. Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone

Back 32

b. Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) by cells of the atria of the heart.

Front 33

In the renal tubules, where is the Na+/K+ pump located?

Back 33

in the basolateral membrane of the proximal convoluted tubules

Front 34

Which of the following best describes sodium movement in the distal tubule?
a. Sodium is transported across the basolateral membrane by the Na+/K+ pump and across the apical membrane by facilitated diffusion.
b. Sodium is transported across the apical membrane by the Na+/K+ pump and across the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion.
c. Sodium is transported across the apical membrane by the Na+/K+ pump and across the basolateral membrane by secondary active transport.
d. Sodium is transported across the apical membrane by the Na+/K+ pump and across the basolateral membrane by diffusion through sodium channels.
e. Sodium is transported across the basolateral membrane by the Na+/K+ pump and across the apical membrane by diffusion through sodium channels.

Back 34

e. Sodium is transported across the basolateral membrane by the Na+/K+ pump and across the apical membrane by diffusion through sodium channels.

Front 35

What enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

Back 35

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Front 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of angiotensin II?
a. stimulate aldosterone secretion
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased thirst
d. stimulate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
e. stimulate renin secretion

Back 36

e. stimulate renin secretion

Front 37

Angiotensin II acts directly in the hypothalamus to stimulate what?

Back 37

an increase in thirst

Front 38

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by what organ?

Back 38

liver

Front 39

What stimulates atrial natriuretic peptide release?

Back 39

distension of the atrial wall due to an increase in plasma volume

Front 40

Which of the following hormones is a steroid?
a. calcitonin
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. aldosterone
d. parathyroid hormone
e. angiotensin II

Back 40

c. aldosterone

Front 41

True/False: Aldosterone stimulates an increase in sodium reabsorption at the same time it stimulates an increase in potassium secretion.

Back 41

true

Front 42

True/False: Reabsorption of glucose is an active process.

Back 42

true

Front 43

Aldosterone is released from the ________ in response to ________.

Back 43

adrenal cortex; increase in plasma potassium

Front 44

Potassium enters the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule by which of the following mechanisms?

Back 44

Na+/K+ pumps in the basolateral membrane

Front 45

The secretion of potassium in the distal tubule requires which of the following?
a. potassium channel activity in the apical membrane
b. potassium channel activity in the basolateral membrane
c. stimulation by ADH
d. Na+/K+ pump activity in the apical membrane
e. stimulation by angiotensin II

Back 45

a. potassium channel activity in the apical membrane