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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is anatomy?
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study of structures of the body
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What is physiology?
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study of the functions of anatomical structures
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What are the central themes of physiology?
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1. physiochemical basis of body function
2. structure-function relationships 3. cells are the basic living units 4. homeostasis 5. integration |
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What is homeostasis?
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maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
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What are the smallest chemical units?
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atoms
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What are groups of atoms working together?
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molecules
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What is a group of molecules working together?
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organelles
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What is a group of organelles working together?
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cells
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What is a group of similar cells working together?
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tissues
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What is a group of different tissues working together?
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organs
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What is a group of organs working together?
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organ systems
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What is an individual?
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organism
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What are the 4 general categories of cells?
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epithelial, connective, neurons, and muscle
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What is the function of neurons?
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• transmitting electrical signals
• control and regulate muscle contraction, gland secretion, sensory perception, thoughts, memory, emotions, etc. |
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Where are muscle cells located?
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in the heart, internal organs or connecting bones
• under voluntary control (skeletal muscle) or involuntary control (cardiac muscle and smooth muscle) |
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What type of muscle cell is under voluntary contraction?
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skeletal muscle
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What type of muscle cells under involuntary control?
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cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
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What cells have the characteristic of a continuous sheet-like layer of cells with a thin, non-cellular underlying basement layer?
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epithelial cells
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Epithelial cells form barriers that:
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1. separate body from external environment
2. line hollow organs 3. form glands |
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What is the primary function of connective tissues?
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physical support or link structures together
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Where are connective tissues located?
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tendons, ligaments, bones, blood, and lymph
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Most connective tissue cells are embedded in _____.
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extracellular matrix
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What is a noncellular meshwork of proteins & other large molecules?
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extracellular matrix
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The internal environment is separated from the external environment via layer of _____ tissue.
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epithelial
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The lumen of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and urinary system are apart of the _____ environment
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external
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What is a lumen?
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interior cavity of hollow organ or vessel
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What percentage is your total body water?
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60% of body weight
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What is intracellular fluid?
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inside cells
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What is extracellular fluid?
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outside cells
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What is interstitial fluid?
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outside of the blood, surrounds most cells
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What is blood plasma?
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non-cellular, fluid portion of blood
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What is the extracellular fluid consisted of?
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interstitial fluid and blood plasma
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What is the plasma membrane?
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separates ICF and ECF
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What are the 7 variables of homeostasis?
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1. body temperature
2. blood pressure 3. arterial Po₂ 4. arterial Pco₂ 5. pH 6. blood (glucose) 7. plasma osmolarity |
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Most physiological systems maintain homeostasis by _____.
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negative feedback
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physiological variable is regulated around a _____.
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set point
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In the negative feedback system, what receives the stimulus?
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receptor
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In the negative feedback system, what processes/integrates signal & sends information?
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control center
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In the negative feedback system, what carries out the instructions?
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effector
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What is the positive feedback system?
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the response of the effector reinforces the stimulus
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