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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
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the coded information of DNA used to guide production of RNA and protein molecules |
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What are the three main types of RNA?
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mRNA rRNA tRNA |
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Where and when does transcription and translation occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Transcription: in the nucleus Translation: in the cytoplasm |
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Why is a triplet code necessary?
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TEXTBOOK |
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What is a codon?
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three RNA bases that code for an amino aid |
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How are codons read? |
from the 5' to 3' of the mRNA |
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What are the four major properties of the genetic code?
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1.Every codon has only one meaning 2.many of the amino acids are specified by more than one codon 3.Universal 4.Nonoverlapping |
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What is the template strand and the coding strand?
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template: the DNA strand that is being copied coding: similar to the mRNA sequence and codes for a protein |
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Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes
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textbook
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In what direction does RNA polymerase proceed?
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3' to 5' so that it can make RNA in the 5' to 3' direction |
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What do the terms upstream and downstream mean?
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upstream is reading from the 5' to 3' end and downstream is the opposite direction |
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What is a promoter?
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a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene |
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What are general transcription factors?
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TEXTBOOK |
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DNA Polymerase: |
replication of DNA to DNA |
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RNA polymerase: |
Transcription of DNA to RNA |
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Ribosome |
Translation of RNA to Protein |
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Messenger RNA(mRNA) |
translated to protein |
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Ribosomal RNA(rRNA) |
integral component of the ribosome |
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Transfer RNA(tRNA) |
bring amino acids to the ribosome
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Stages of Transcription: |
BIET Termination |
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Describe the 5' cap |
protects the nascent mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding during translation. |
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Describe a Poly-A tail |
added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA once elongation is complete |
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Describe splicing of introns
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introns are removed and exons are joined together (ligated) |