Bio 203 Lecture 8

Front 1

organ

Back 1

two or more kinds of tissue grouped tog. & performing specialized functions

Front 2

three epithelial membrane types

Back 2

mucous
serous
cutaneous (skin)

Front 3

where are mucous membranes found?

Back 3

lining all structures that open to outside of the body

ex: gastrointestinal, respiratory, & reproductive tracts

Front 4

layer of smooth muscle associated with mucous membranes

Back 4

muscularis mucosae

Front 5

serous membranes are found where?

Back 5

lining body cavities that do NOT open to the exterior

ex: lining thorax, abdomen, covering organs

Front 6

serous fluid

Back 6

secreted by serous membranes to lubricate organs

Front 7

examples of serous membranes (3)

Back 7

pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Front 8

synovial membranes

Back 8

line freely movable joints

no epithelium; consist of fibrous connective tissue overlying loose connective tissue and fat

Front 9

cutaneous membrane

Back 9

skin, hair, nails

Front 10

five functions of skin

Back 10

temp regulation
protection
sensation
excretion
make vitamin D

Front 11

cholecalciferol

Back 11

-vitamin D3
-made in skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol is exposed to UV light then converted to calcitriol

Front 12

3 layers of skin

Back 12

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

Front 13

layers of epidermis

Back 13

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
(Come get some bacon!)

Front 14

stratum spinosum structure

Back 14

keratin filaments are in desmosome junctions between cells

Front 15

psoriasis

Back 15

basal cell proliferation is accelerated, epidermis thickens, cells can't keratinize & are shed within a week

Front 16

normal period of time for cells from basal layer to reach stratum corneum & be shed

Back 16

2-4 weeks

Front 17

dermis structure

Back 17

dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue w/ bundles of collagenous & elastic fibers

Front 18

dermal papillae

Back 18

humps of dermis that project into epidermis

Front 19

dermis contains?

Back 19

blood vessels, smooth muscle fibers, nerve fibers, hair follicles, & glands

Front 20

subcutaneous layer

Back 20

loose connective tissue & adipose tissue; contains nerve fibers & blood vessels

Front 21

arrector pili

Back 21

smooth muscle by hair follicle; causes goosebumps

Front 22

3 types of glands associated with skin

Back 22

sebaceous
sweat (sudoriferous)
ceruminous

Front 23

type of glands associated with hair follicles

Back 23

holocrine- specifically sebaceous

Front 24

merocrine glands in the skin are also called?

Back 24

eccrine sweat glands

Front 25

apocrine sweat glands found where?

Back 25

axilla, pubic region, & areolae

(secretions have odor -> deodorant)

Front 26

apocrine ducts open where?

Back 26

into hair follicles

Front 27

eccrine sweat glands are present where?

Back 27

everywhere (except lips, nails, glans penis & clitoris, labia minora, & eardrums)

Front 28

where are eccrine sweat glands most numerous?

Back 28

palms of hands & soles of feet

Front 29

sweat from eccrine glands is a dilute solution of what?

Back 29

NaCl
lactic acid
nitogenous compounds (urea, ammonia, amino acids, uric acid)

Front 30

ceruminous glands

Back 30

modified sweat glands found in external ear canal; together with sebaceous glands forms ear wax

Front 31

nail consists of?

Back 31

plate, bed, & lunula where cells undergo keratinization

Front 32

which layers of skin obtain oxygen directly from air?

Back 32

epidermis & some dermis

Front 33

how is heat lost through skin?

Back 33

conduction (to air)
convection (to breeze)
radiation (to walls, ceilings)
evaporation (through sweat)

Front 34

how does body cool down?

Back 34

blood vessels dilate - heat loss can increase 8 times

Front 35

how does body warm up?

Back 35

constricts blood vessels, shivering

Front 36

what is non-shivering thermogenesis?

Back 36

oxidative phosphorylation makes heat instead of ATP

Front 37

what tissue is capable of non-shivering thermogenesis?

Back 37

brown adipose tissue

Front 38

superficial wounds

Back 38

extend as far as the dermis

Front 39

deep wounds

Back 39

extend into dermis and subcutaneous layers

Front 40

phase response after deep wound

Back 40

inflammatory (blood clot, kill bacteria)
migratory (scab)
proliferative
maturation (scar)

Front 41

why can large burns be life-threatening?

Back 41

huge loss of body fluid

Front 42

hypovolemia

Back 42

extensive loss of body fluid

Front 43

circulatory shock

Back 43

consequence of hypovolemia; can lead to kidney & heart failure

Front 44

factors affecting seriousness of a burn

Back 44

depth
surface area
region affected
age
general health

Front 45

first degree burns

Back 45

involves surface epidermis; redness but no blistering

Front 46

second degree burns

Back 46

involves epidermis & dermis; blistering

Front 47

third degree burns

Back 47

destruction of epidermis, dermis, & epidermal derivatives

Front 48

what is the rule of nines?

Back 48

a quick way to estimate percentage of the surface area of the skin