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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anabolic metabolism & example
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synthesis of new molecules
ex- synthesis of proteins from amino acids |
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catabolic metabolism & example
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breakdown of molecules
ex- breakdown of glucose to CO2 & H2O |
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glycogen consists of?
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long chain of glucose molecules
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dehydration synthesis
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fusion of two molecules which creates water molecule
ex- formation of glycogen from glucose molecules |
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fat synthesis
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occurs by dehydration synthesis
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protein synthesis
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occurs by dehydration synthesis
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hydrolysis
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breakdown of molecules by inserting H and OH
facilitated by enzymes |
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products of cellular respiration
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CO2, water, heat, & energy
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reactants in cellular respiration
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glucose & oxygen
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cofactors
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metal ions or coenzymes
needed for enzymes to function properly |
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NAD+ & FAD are?
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coenzymes
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many coenzymes are derived from?
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vitamin B complex
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extremozymes
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enzymes that work under extreme conditions, e.g. those in arctic fish
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how does cyanide kill a cell?
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by interfering with respiratory enzymes in the mitochondria & halting the ability to make ATP
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oxidation
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the REMOVAL of H atoms from a molecule
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reduction
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the ADDITION of H atoms to a molecule
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conversion of lactic acid to pyruvic acid is an example of what?
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oxidation!!! woo hoo.
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what molecule stores electrons generated by the body's oxidation reactions?
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NADH
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what generates the energy to sustain life processes?
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oxidation-reduction reactions
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how is energy generated by ox-red. reactions packaged for transfer around a cell?
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in ATP
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4 steps in burning of glucose
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glycolysis
formation of acetyl coA addition of acetyl two-carbon gragment to oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the Krebs Cycle oxidative phosphorylation/ electron transport chain |
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glycolysis produces how many molecules of ATP
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2 net molecules
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formation of acetyl CoA takes place where?
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matrix of mitochondria
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where does krebs cycle take place?
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matrix of mitochondria
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beri-beri
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disease caused by lack of vitamin B1
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where is the electron-transport chaing / oxidative phosphorylation?
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inner membrane of mitochondria
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what is most dependent on oxidative phosphorylation?
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central nervous system
skeletal & cardiac muscle kidney liver |
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lipoproteins
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transport cholesterol throughout the body
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what does the heart use as a primary source of energy?
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fatty acids
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beta-oxidation
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conversion of fatty acids into two-carbon fragments
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deamination
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removal of nitrogen from amino acids (needed to process them for energy production)
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product of deamination
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urea
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glucose can be changed into some amino acids, T/F?
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True
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