Quiz 5

Front 1

sarcolemma

Back 1

plasma membrane of muscle cell

Front 2

transverse tubules (t-tubules)

Back 2

invaginations of the sarcolemma which form tunnels filled with interstitial fluid

Front 3

sarcoplasma

Back 3

cytoplasm of the muscle fiber

Front 4

myofibrils

Back 4

contractile organelles of skeletal muscle which extend the length of the muscle fiber

Front 5

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Back 5

surrounds eahc myofibril: stores Ca+2 for eventual use in muscle contraction

Front 6

terminal cisterns

Back 6

part of SR next to T-tubules; 1 transverse tubule + 2 surrounding terminal cisterns = triad

Front 7

Actin

Back 7

thin filaments - contains binding sites for myosin

Front 8

myosin

Back 8

thick filaments - contains ATP binding site on head

Front 9

skeletal muscle

Back 9

striated, voluntary, all over

Front 10

cardiac muscle

Back 10

striated, involuntary, heart

Front 11

smooth muscle

Back 11

not striated. involuntary. blood vessels, airways, organs

Front 12

Isotonic

Back 12

(iso= equal, tonic=tone) contraction occurs when the tension in muscle remains nearly constant while the length of the muscle changes

Front 13

concentric

Back 13

contraction in which muscle shortens as it produces constant tension and overcomes the load it is moving. Ex: picking up a book

Front 14

eccentric

Back 14

contraction in which muscle lengthens as it produces constant tension and gives into the load it is moving. Ex: putting book back down on table

Front 15

isometric

Back 15

(iso= equal, metric= length) contraction occurs when the tension generated does not exceed resistance of object and muscle remains the same length. Ex: holding book steady with outstretched arm. Energy is expended, but no movement occurs.

Front 16

structural classification of joints

Back 16

fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints

Front 17

fibrous joints

Back 17

no synovial cavity, bones held together by dense irregular CT. Permit little/no movement due to dense irregular CT. 3 Types: Sutures, Syndesmoses, Interosseous membranes.

Front 18

sutures

Back 18

only occur between bones of the skull. Slightly moveable (AMPHIARTHOTIC) in infants and children, but immovable (SYNARTHOTIC) in adults.

Front 19

Interosseaus Membranes

Back 19

binds long bones and permits slight movement (AMPHIARTHOTIC). Found between radius and ulna as well as tibia and fibula.

Front 20

cartilaginous joints

Back 20

no synovial cavity, bones held together by cartilage. lacks synovial cavity like fibrous joints, but consists of cartilage instead of CT. 2 types: Synchondroses and symphyses

Front 21

symphyses

Back 21

Articulating ends covered w/hyaline cartilage, but it is fibrocartilage that actually connects the bones. Slightly movable. Ex: pubic symphysis, manubrium & body of sternum, intervertebral joints between vertebral bodies, annulus fibrosus of IVD

Front 22

synovial joints

Back 22

synovial cavity present, bones connected by dense irregular CT. Freely movable. Consists of: synovial cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, articulating bones (hyaline cartilage).

Front 23

articular capsule

Back 23

encloses synovial cavity. Outer fibrous membrane (dense CT, mostly collagen). Inner synovial membrane (areolar CT w/elastic fibers

Front 24

ligaments

Back 24

dense regular CT holding bones together

Front 25

functional classification of joints

Back 25

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Front 26

synarthrosis

Back 26

immovable joint

Front 27

amphiarthrosis

Back 27

slightly moveable

Front 28

diarthrosis

Back 28

freely movable

Front 29

Temporomandibular joint

Back 29

Combined hinge & planar joint. Formed by condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone. Meniscus present (fibrocartilaginous).

Front 30

TMJ disorder

Back 30

pain and inflammation of the temporomandibular joint. Potential causes- injury, arthritis, bruxism (grinding teeth).

Front 31

Shoulder Joint

Back 31

Ball & socket joint. Formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula. Glenoid labrum- fibrocartilage around edge of glenoid cavity. 4 bursae present.

Front 32

Shoulder injuries

Back 32

rotator cuff injury, dislocation, Torn glenoid labrum

Front 33

Rotator cuff injury

Back 33

strain or tear in rotator cuff muscles (shoulder)

Front 34

Dislocation

Back 34

most common is inferior displacement of humeral head

Front 35

Torn glenoid labrum

Back 35

can lead to dislocation, common in pitchers and weight lifters

Front 36

Elbow Joint

Back 36

Hinge joint. Formed by trochlea & capitulum of humerus, trochlear notch of ulna, and head of radius.

Front 37

Elbow injury

Back 37

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis). Golfers elbow (medial epicondylitis.

Front 38

Hip Joint

Back 38

ball-and-socket joint. Formed by head of femur and acetabulum of coxal (hip) bone.

Front 39

Knee Joint

Back 39

Hinge joint. Consists of 3 joints: Tibiofemoral (laterally). Tibiofemoral (medially). Patellofemoral. 2 menisci (medial & lateral). 3 bursae

Front 40

Back 40

atlanto-occipital and cervical intervertebral joints

Front 41

Back 41

shoulder joint

Front 42

Back 42

elbow joint

Front 43

Back 43

wrist joint

Front 44

Back 44

hip joint

Front 45

Back 45

knee joint

Front 46

Back 46

intervertebral joint

Front 47

Back 47

shoulder joint

Front 48

Back 48

wrist joint

Front 49

Back 49

hip joint

Front 50

Back 50

metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers (not the thumb)

Front 51

Back 51

shoulder joint. hip joint.

Front 52

Back 52

atlanto-axial joint. shoulder joint.

Front 53

Back 53

hip joint

Front 54

Back 54

temporomandibular joint

Front 55

Back 55

temporomandibular joint

Front 56

Back 56

intertarsal joint. ankle joint.

Front 57

Back 57

radioulnar joint. carpometacarpal joint