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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The frontal or coronal plane divides the body into what?
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Front and back halves
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The transverse plane divides the body into what?
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Top and bottom halves
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The sagittal plane divides the body into what?
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Right and left halves
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What side of the body is the ventral side?
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Front
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What side of the body is the dorsal side?
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Back
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The head, neck and trunk are referred to what region of the body?
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Axial region
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The upper and lower limbs are known as what region in the body?
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Appendicular
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The brachium is the what?
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arm
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The antebrachium is the what?
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forearm
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The carpus is the what?
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wrist
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The manus is the what?
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Hand
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Femoral is the what?
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thigh
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The crural region is the what?
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leg
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The tarsus is the what?
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ankle
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The pedal or pes region is the what?
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foot
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The acromial region is the?
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Shoulder
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The axillary region is the?
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Armpit
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The cubital region is the?
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elbow
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The coxal region is the?
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hip
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The nuchal region is the?
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back of the neck
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The cranial and vertebral cavities are in what major body cavity?
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dorsal
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The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity are in what major body cavity?
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Ventral
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The area between the lungs is known as the what?
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Mediastinum
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____ ____ hold the lungs
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Pleural cavities
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____ and ____ pleura cover lungs and line the rib cage
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Visceral and parietal
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____ and ____ pericardium cover the heart and line the pericardial sac
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visceral and parietal
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The abdominopelvic cavity is also known as the ____ cavity
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Peritoneal
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All the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity are lined with visceral and parietal ____.
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Peritoneum
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96% of the chemical elements that make up life are what?
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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
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Calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride and magnesium make up what percent of life's chemistry?
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4%
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An anabolic building reaction in which monomers are linked together to make a larger molecule occurs via ____ ____.
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Dehydration synthesis or condensation
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A catabolic reaction in which polymers are broken down into individual monomers occurs via what reaction?
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hydrolysis
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The four main classes of macromolecules are what?
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Carbs, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
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Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called ____.
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Saccharides
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Monosaccharides are also known as ___ sugars and ____ sugars
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reducing and simple sugars
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Monosaccharides are used for ____ term energy production.
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short
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Do polysaccharides have a sweet taste?
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No
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Polysaccharides are used for ____ term energy storage.
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long
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The long term energy storage polysaccharide in animals is ____.
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glycogen
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The only complex carbohydrate found in human tissues is what?
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glycogen
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Where is glycogen synthesized?
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Liver
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Where is glycogen stored?
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skeletal muscles and the liver
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The long term energy polysaccharide found in plants is what?
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Starch
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Starch degrades into what?
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sucrose
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____ has a structural role in plant cell walls and cannot be digested by humans
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Cellulose
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____ has a structural role in arthropod exoskeletons and fungi. It is very hard and waterproof
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chitin
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____ make up gels that hold cells and tissues together, joint lubrication and provide the rubbery texture of cartilage.
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Proteoglycans
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If a triglyceride is solid at room temperature it is called a ___
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fat
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If a triglyceride is a liquid at room temperature it is called a ____
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oil
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This type of lipid functions in long term energy storage, thermal insulation, filling spaces, binding organs/tissues together and protection/cushioning
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triglycerides
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The building blocks of triglycerides are what?
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1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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90% of fats in foods are what?
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triglycerides
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____ are the main components of cell membranes
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Phospholipids
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____ are lipids which contain a phosphate group and two fatty acids
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phospholipids
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All steroids are derived from ____ and have the same basic molecular patter.
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Cholesterol
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Steroids have ____ carbon rings joined together
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four
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Cholesterol is a precursor for what?
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vitamin D, many hormones and bile salts
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Steroids that are derived from arachidonic acid that produce hormone-like chemical signals between cells and include prostaglandins are what?
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eicosanoids
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An amino acid contains what three things?
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Amine, carboxyl and side group
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A peptide bond links what two atoms together?
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carbon and nitrogen
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oligopeptides have how many amino acids?
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10-15
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polypeptides have how many amino acids?
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more than 15
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proteins have how many amino acids?
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more than 100
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The primary structure of proteins is what?
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The amino acid sequence
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The secondary structure of proteins includes what?
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pleated sheets, helices and coils
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The 3d shape of proteins is determined by what?
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Amino acid side chain interactions
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____ proteins contain a non-amino acid moiety
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Conjugated
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The substance that an enzyme works on is called its ____
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substrate
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The ____ ____ is a specific section of the protein molecule where the substrate binds to the enzyme
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active site
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_____ are molecules that help enzymes to function.
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coenzymes
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_____ are often coenzymes
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vitamins
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Nucleic acids are polymers made up of monomers known as ____
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nucleotides
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____ ____ store and transfer genetic information
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Nucleic acids
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Nucleotide involved in energy transfer is what?
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ATP
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Nucleotides involved in cell signaling are what?
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GTP and cAMP
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A nucleotide consists of what?
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phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
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