Bio 201 Cells Section

Front 1

The smallest units of life are ____.

Back 1

cells

Front 2

Each specialized organ is made up of specific ____.

Back 2

Tissues

Front 3

What allows specific cell types to perform specific jobs?

Back 3

Compartmentalization

Front 4

The structural basis for metabolic order is the ____ ____.

Back 4

Cell membrane (plasma membrane).

Front 5

How thin are cell membranes?

Back 5

10 nanometers

Front 6

The plasma membrane is composed of what?

Back 6

Phospholipid bilayer

Front 7

Phospholipids contain a ____ head and a ____ tail.

Back 7

polar; nonpolar

Front 8

Polar or nonpolar molecules are able to pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

Back 8

Nonpolar

Front 9

Proteins floating in or on the phospholipid bilayer is described by the ____ ____ model of plasma membranes.

Back 9

Fluid mosaic

Front 10

This type of membrane protein creates channels allowing selective passage of substances

Back 10

transport

Front 11

This type of membrane protein helps to catalyze steps of a metabolic pathway

Back 11

Enzyme

Front 12

This type of membrane protein provides a binding site for chemical messengers.

Back 12

Receptor

Front 13

This type of membrane protein functions in cell-cell recognition/identification.

Back 13

Recognition

Front 14

This type of membrane protein functions in adhesion.

Back 14

Intercellular joining

Front 15

This type of membrane protein functions in attachment to cytoskeleton and/or the extracellular matrix.

Back 15

attachment

Front 16

The cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus is called the what?

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

The three major elements of the cytoplasm are the what?

Back 17

Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Front 18

Chemical substances that contain stored nutrients, lipids, pigments and crystals are what?

Back 18

Inclusions

Front 19

The viscous, semitransparent liquid found in the cytoplasm is the what?

Back 19

Cytosol

Front 20

The powerhouse of the cell is the ____.

Back 20

Mitochondria

Front 21

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Back 21

Produce ATP from glucose and oxygen

Front 22

What is an example of cells that would have numerous mitochondria?

Back 22

Muscle cells

Front 23

What is an example of cells that would not have many mitochondria?

Back 23

Skin cells

Front 24

Folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria that provide a large surface area on which the chemical reactions take place are called what?

Back 24

Cristae

Front 25

The inner space of the mitochondria is filled with a semi-fluid called the ____.

Back 25

Matrix

Front 26

Can mitochondria replicate themselves?

Back 26

Yes

Front 27

Ribosomes are the site of ____ ____ within a cell.

Back 27

protein synthesis

Front 28

The fluid-filled space within the RER is called what?

Back 28

Cisternae

Front 29

The site of lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, synthesis of steroid hormones, transport of fats and detoxification of drugs and carcinogens is the what?

Back 29

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 30

The organelle that functions if modifying, sorting and shipping the the what?

Back 30

Golgi apparatus

Front 31

The cis face of the golgi faces what?

Back 31

The RER

Front 32

The trans face of the golgi faces what?

Back 32

The rest of the cell.

Front 33

____ are tiny membrane-bound sacs that move through the cytosol.

Back 33

Vesicles

Front 34

____ are organelles of intracellular digestion that come from the golgi apparatus. They can break down all 4 groups of biological molecules.

Back 34

Lysosomes

Front 35

Organelle that engulfs and breaks down old organelles, breaks glycogen into glucose, and breaks down bone into calcium is what?

Back 35

Lysosome

Front 36

____ break down fatty acids and amino acids, neutralize free radicals and break down alcohol.

Back 36

Peroxisomes

Front 37

Enzymes in peroxisomes produce h2o2 as a byproduct of their action. This is toxic to cells and in turn, must be broken down to water and oxygen by an enzyme called what?

Back 37

catalase

Front 38

The network of connected filaments and tubules that extends from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, maintains cell shape and allows organelles to move is the what?

Back 38

Cytoskeleton

Front 39

The three types of cytoskeletal components are what?

Back 39

microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Front 40

Flagella are usually ____ and ____ in number than cilia.

Back 40

Longer; fewer

Front 41

Sperm and free-living single celled organisms use ____as whip-like tails for swimming.

Back 41

Flagella

Front 42

The largest cellular organelle that acts as the control center for the entire cell is the what?

Back 42

Nucleus

Front 43

The three recognizable structures of the nucleus are what?

Back 43

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin

Front 44

The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane layer called the what?

Back 44

nuclear envelope

Front 45

Does DNA ever leave the nucleus?

Back 45

NO!

Front 46

The nucleolus is the site of what?

Back 46

rRNA synthesis

Front 47

Chromatin is made up of what two things?

Back 47

DNA and histone proteins

Front 48

Mature RBCs are ____.

Back 48

anucleate

Front 49

Are mature RBCs able to reproduce or make proteins?

Back 49

NO!

Front 50

____ transport mechanisms require no ATP.

Back 50

Passive

Front 51

____ transport mechanisms consume ATP

Back 51

Active

Front 52

____ transport mechanisms us a membrane protein to transport substances from one side of the membrane to the other

Back 52

Carrier-mediated

Front 53

In ____, particles are driven through a selectively permeable membrane by hydrostatic pressure.

Back 53

Filtration

Front 54

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is described by what?

Back 54

Simple diffusion

Front 55

Temperature, molecular weight, concentration gradient, membrane surface area and membrane permeability are all factors that affect what?

Back 55

Diffusion

Front 56

Nonpolar, hydrophobic, lipid-soluble substances diffuse through lipid layer readily through what?

Back 56

The lipid bilayer

Front 57

Water and charged, hydrophilic solutes diffuse through what?

Back 57

Channel proteins

Front 58

Reversible attraction of water to solute particles forms what?

Back 58

Hydration spheres

Front 59

Channel protein in the plasma membrane specialized for the passage of water is called a what?

Back 59

Aquaporin

Front 60

The amount of hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis is what?

Back 60

Osmotic pressure

Front 61

1 mole of dissolved particles is called a what?

Back 61

Osmole

Front 62

The number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution is what?

Back 62

Osmolarity

Front 63

The number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of water is what?

Back 63

Osmolality

Front 64

The ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell is what?

Back 64

Tonicity

Front 65

The transport rate when all carriers are occupied is the what?

Back 65

Transport maximum

Front 66

Carrier-mediated transport of solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient is what?

Back 66

Facilitated diffusion

Front 67

Carrier-mediate transport of solute through a membrane up against its concentration gradient is known as what?

Back 67

Active transport

Front 68

What is responsible for making the potassium concentration higher and the sodium concentration lower inside the cell?

Back 68

The sodium-potassium pump

Front 69

Half of daily calories are used by what?

Back 69

The sodium-potassium pump

Front 70

Processes that moev large particles, fluid droplets, or numerous molecules at once through the membrane in vesicles is what?

Back 70

Vesicular transport

Front 71

Cells taking in specific molecules that bind to extracellular receptors is known as what?

Back 71

Receptor-mediated endocytosis