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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biosphere
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-All areas that can sustain life and be occupied by organisms
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Equilibrium
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-State of balance
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Producers
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-Organisms that use photosynthesis and the Sun to produce their own food (autotrophs)
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Consumers
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-Organisms that eat other organisms for energy (heterotrophs)
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Photosynthesis |
-plants use sunlight to make energy -carbon dioxide + water + energy (light)---> glucose + oxygen
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Chemosynthesis
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-plants use chemicals to make energy -carbon dioxide + water + energy (chemical)---> glucose + oxygen |
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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-conservation of energy -energy can be neither destroyed nor created -can be converted |
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
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-No transfer is 100% -No energy change is 100% |
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Cycle
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-Process that repeats itself
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Trophic Level
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-Category of living things defined by how it gains energy
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Autotrophs
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-produce own energy
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Heterotrophs
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-consumes other organisms for energy
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Cellular Respiration
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-glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + energy -used by all organisms |
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Biomass Pyramid
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-total dry mass of living material in an ecosystem
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Energy Pyramid
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-Shows stored energy on each level (not super sure on other than that) |
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Number/population Pyramid
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-Shows population of each level
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Percolation
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-liquid slowly passing through porous material
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Water Table
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-a layer of water above bed rock |
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Leaching
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-draining one thing away -extracting materials -removal of soluble materials |
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Polar Molecule
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-a molecule that is both positive and negative
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Hydrogen Bond
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-attraction of poles - H-O attraction |
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Carbon Cycle
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-cycling of carbon through organic, inorganic and back again
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What is an organic reservoir for carbon? (3 major)
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-Oceans -Air (atmosphere) -Crust (fossil fuels found in crust) |
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What is the only form of nitrogen that plants can use?
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-Nitrate
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Biomes
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-ecosystem or groups of ecosystems in a specific region on Earth that has a particular combination of biotic and abiotic factors
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What are the three domains of life?
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-Archaea -Bacteria -Eukarya |
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What are the levels of classification for animals, hierarchical classification?
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-Domain -Kingdom -Phylum -Class -Order -Family -Genus -Species -page 88 |
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Sedimentary Rock
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-layered rock
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Igneous Rock
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-rock made from lava
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Metamorphic Rock
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-made through pressure
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What are some things that effect biomes?
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-landscape -climate -location (latitude) -temperature -hours of sunlight -percipitation |
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Abiotic
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-non-living
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Biotic
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-living |
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Adaptations
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-the way organisms change to survive in their environment
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Biodiversity
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-all possible different organisms in an area -the variety |
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Competition
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-2 organisms rival for reasources
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Intraspecific Competition
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-when members of the same species compete for reasources
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Interspecific Competition
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-when members of different species compete for reasources
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Population
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-amount of organisms of a species in one area
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Ecological Niche
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-the role that its members play in a community and the total range of biotic and abiotic requirements that its members need to survive
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Sampling
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-occurs when a region is chosen, count every organism in section -2 ways of separating -transect--narrow piece of land -quadrant--split land into squares |
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Variation
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-differences in species
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Mutation
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-changes in genetic material
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Limiting Factors
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-abiotic and biotic conditions that limit the number of individuals in a population
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Species
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-organisms that are reproductively compatable
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Community
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-population of many species in one area (living/interacting together)
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Archaea
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-Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms -Lack a membrane-bounded nucleus -Reproduce asexually -Many are autotrophic by chemosynthesis; some are heterotrophic by absorption -Unique rRNA base sequence -Distinctive plasma membrane and cell wall chemistry |
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Bacteria
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-Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms -Lack of a membrane-bounded nucleus -Reproduce asexually -Heterotrophic by absorption -Autotrophic by chemosynthesis or by photosynthesis -Move by flagella heterotrophic bacteria |
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Eukarya
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-Eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular organisms -Membrane-bounded nucleus -Sexual reproduction -Phenotypes and nutrition are diverse -Each kingdom has specializations -Flagella, if present, have a 9 + 2 organization |
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Taxonomy
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-naming things -has a classification system -DKPCOFGS -Donkey Kong Poops Candy Octopuses For Gorilla Sex |
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Selective Advantage
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-characteristic that improves an organism's chance of survival
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Natural Selection
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-process whereby the characteristics of a population of organisms change over time because individuals with certain heritable traits survive specific local environmental conditions and, through reproduction, pass on their traits to their offspring
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Selective Pressure
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-environmental condition or conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals, and select against others
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Hypothesis
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-scientific prediction
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Paleontology
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-study of fossils
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Darwinism
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-life forms develop from ancestral species -all living beings are related to one another by varying degrees of common decent -All living thins come from a common ancestor -the mechanisms by which one species evolves come from previous species, still have some traits pf last species |
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Alford Wallace
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-population change is not 100% -survival of the fittest |
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Mutagen
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-cause of mutation
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Mutation
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-affects only one part of organism -occurs in DNA |
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Selective Disadvantage
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-something that hurts the organism's survival
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Sexual Selection
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-mating preferences -preferred characteristics for a mate |
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Gradualism
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-species changes over time
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Punctualism
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-species changes instantly |
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Cuvier (scientist)
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-father of paleontology -oldest fossils-->bottom of rock -newest fossils-->top of rock -catastrophic event happens in between when species disappeared -believes in punctualism |
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Lyell
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-principles of geology -believed in gradualism |
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Lamarck
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-inheritance of acquired characteristics -lineage -he assumed we are aspiring to a 'super organism' -we are evolving to reach the highest complexity of an organism -physical characteristics are passed on to offspring-- if you develop muscles->offspring will have muscles |
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Transitional Fossils
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-fossils show intermediary links between groups of organisms
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Homologous Structures
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-structures from different animals that look alike but have different purpose
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Analogous Structures
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-parts that perform similar functions though they don't have common evolutionary orgin
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Embryology
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-study of embryos
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Molecular Biology
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-study of molecular make up |
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Genetics
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-heredity makes people
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Specialization
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-new species formed because of adaptation and mutations
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Geographical Barriers
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-geographic characteristics that prevent species from intermingling
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Biological Barriers
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-keeps species reproductively isolated
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What does ATP stand for?
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-adenosine triphosphate
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What does ADP stand for?
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-adenosine diphosphate
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Enzymes
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-used to reduce energy required for reaction in body
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Oxidation
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-electrons lost
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Reduction
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-gain electrons
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How painful is this?
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OVER 9000!!!!!!!!
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