Bio 20 Digestion

Front 1

define macronutrients

Back 1

nutrients that your body needs a lot of for energy

Front 2

define micronutrients

Back 2

nutrients your body deposit need allot of and doesn't give energy

Front 3

define macromolecules

Back 3

all chemical reactions in a cell

Front 4

define catabolic reaction

Back 4

breaking down of molecules to less complex molecules

Front 5

define anabolic reactions

Back 5

forming of more complex molecules

Front 6

what are the macromolecules

Back 6

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 7

what is the dehydration synthesis reaction

Back 7

anabolic reaction where water is removed and then formed

Front 8

what is hydrolysis

Back 8

catabolic reaction where what is broken down

Front 9

what are the three main types of carbs

Back 9

monosaccarides

disaccarides

polysaccarides

Front 10

define these three types of carbs

Back 10

monosaccarides- one sugar (SIMPLE)

disaccarides- two sugars

polysaccarides- more then 2 sugars

Front 11

define monomer

Back 11

smallest repeating unit

Front 12

what is a glycosidic bond

Back 12

formed between two monosaccharides

Front 13

how is lactose formed

Back 13

glucose and glacose

Front 14

how is maltose formed

Back 14

glucose and glucose

Front 15

how is sucrose formed

Back 15

glucose and fructose

Front 16

what is the main energy unit

Back 16

polysaccaride

Front 17

what is an example of polysaccarides

Back 17

starch

Front 18

describe startch

Back 18

insoluble in water

made of amylose

Front 19

what is the difference between amylose and amylopectin

Back 19

amylose is unbranched and amylopectin is highly branched

Front 20

describe glycogen

Back 20

broken down from glucose when needed

highly branched

Front 21

what is clueless used for

Back 21

cell wall formation

Front 22

how are momosaccarides and disaccharides and polysaccarides broken down

Back 22

mono are so small they don't need to be

di are broken down in the small intestine

poly are broken down in the mouth and small intestine

Front 23

what is pancreatic amylase

Back 23

from pancreas breaks down polysaccharides

Front 24

describe fats / lipids

Back 24

long term energy, build cell membranes, insulation and protection

Front 25

what are 4 types of lipides

Back 25

triglycerides

phospholipids

steroids

wax

Front 26

describe triglycerides

Back 26

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

used for storing energy

Front 27

describe phospholipids

Back 27

1 glycerol + negative phosphate + 2 fatty acids

Front 28

describe steroids

Back 28

harmones

Front 29

describe wax

Back 29

chains of fatty acid and alcohol

waterproof

Front 30

whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Back 30

unsaturated has at least one double bond and saturated only has single bonds

Front 31

where are lipids broken down

Back 31

small intestine

Front 32

roles of protein

Back 32

make cellular structures

made of amino acids

Front 33

what are proteins made of

Back 33

amino acids

Front 34

what are amino acids made of

Back 34

carboxyl group and r group

Front 35

how many aa proteins can the body make

Back 35

11

Front 36

how many are there

Back 36

20

Front 37

how are amino acids joined

Back 37

peptide bonds

Front 38

define dipeptide and polypeptide

Back 38

dipeptide - 2 amino acids \

polypeptide - 3-300 amino acids

Front 39

what will heat do to proteins

Back 39

denature them

Front 40

where is pepsin found

Back 40

stomach

Front 41

where is trypsin found

Back 41

small intestine

Front 42

what are the three prefered carbs for energy in order

Back 42

carbs

lipids

proteins

Front 43

what is the roles of nucleic acids

Back 43

consists of DNA and RNA

and phosphate group

Front 44

whats the difference between vitamins and minerals

Back 44

vitamins are organic and help enzymes function minerals are inorganic required in small amount

Front 45

define enzymes

Back 45

chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction

Front 46

define catalyst

Back 46

speeds up a chemical reaction

Front 47

how do enzymes work

Back 47

they have a specific shape that fits a specific substrate

Front 48

what is the active site

Back 48

part of enzyme that bonds with substrate

Front 49

describe competitive and noncompetitve inhibitors

Back 49

competitive bonds to the active site and prevents bonding with substrates and noncompetitive attaches to somewhere not the active site and changes shape to prevent bonding with substrates

Front 50

describe coenzymes and cofactors

Back 50

help with moulding the substrate with he enzyme

Front 51

what is nervous control

Back 51

digestion that you don't think about

Front 52

what is parasympathetic

Back 52

when you eat lots of food and get tired as a result

Front 53

what is sympathetic

Back 53

when you move or are active to digest

Front 54

what is gastric mobility

Back 54

contraction of stomach

Front 55

what is peristalsis

Back 55

contraction of esophagus or small intestine

Front 56

what is the duodenum

Back 56

first part of small intestine

Front 57

describe the mouth role in digestion

Back 57

mechanical through chewing

breaking down through salver amylase

Front 58

describe the role of the esophagus in digestion

Back 58

thin layer od mucas

peristalsis

Front 59

describe the role of the stomach in digestion

Back 59

gastric juices such as HCL pepsin and pepsinigen break down food

thick layer of mucas for protection

Front 60

describe the role of the small intestine

Back 60

pancreatic juices from pancreas and bile from gall bladder breaks down food

Front 61

what are pancreatic juices used in the small intestine

Back 61

trypsinogen

trypsin

amylase

lipase

Front 62

what it formed in the gall bladder

Back 62

bile

Front 63

describe the role of the large intestine

Back 63

removes water

Front 64

what does the gall bladder do

Back 64

receives and stores bile for liver

Front 65

what is the mesentery

Back 65

holds intestine in place

Front 66

what is chyme

Back 66

puke