Bio 2 Test 2 Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I

Front 1

1)Domain Of Plant
2)Kingdom of Plant

Back 1

1) Eukarya
2) Plantae

Front 2

Five Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae

Back 2

1)cell walls
2)cellulose
3)Chloroplasts with photosyn. pigments Ex. Chlorophyll A, Betacarotenoid
4)Food reserve(starch)
5)Autotrophic

Front 3

Chara
(Charophycean algae)

Back 3

-algal ancestors of land plants
-the closest relatives of land plants

Front 4

Similarities between Charophycean and green plants

Back 4

1)composition of the cell walls
2)Ultrastructure of sperm is similar(flagellated)
3)Genitic similarities ( DNA&RNA)

Front 5

Problems on the land (1)

Back 5

-loss of water thru leaves
(Gamete or Embryo drying out)
Called " Dehydration "
or " Dessication"
-Solved by waxy cuticles on leaf's surface (to prevent dehydartion)

Front 6

Problems on the land (2)

Back 6

-Gamete drying out
-Solve by developing
"Gametangia" to keep gamete moist and protected

Front 7

Gametangia

Back 7

-structures that contain gametes and keep them moist
-There are two types of Gmaetangia:
1)Antheridia(produce sperms)
*Flagellated sperms
2)Archegonia (produce eggs)

Front 8

Problems on land(3)

Back 8

-Embryo drying out
-Solve by
Plant embryos developed from zygote that are retained
within tissues of parent plants to keep embryo from drying out and protect embryos(*Embryo develop within maternal tissue of plants)

Front 9

Another name for land plants

Back 9

" Embryophytes"

Front 10

Sporophyte

Back 10

-Multicellular Diploid (2n)
then meiosis to become haploid spores

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Gametophyte

Back 11

-Multicellular Haploid (n)
Then mitosis to become gamete(n)

Front 12

Motility of Gametes

Back 12

Bryophytes(nonvascular plant)
- all sperms are flagellated
Cycadophyta
-primitive gymnosperms
-*primitive flagellated sperm

Front 13

Bryophytes
(nonvascular plants)

Back 13

-Gametophyte is dominant

Front 14

Vascular plants

Back 14

-Sporophyte is dominant

Front 15

NonVascular plants

Back 15

Known as "Bryophytes"
-gametophyte(n) is dominant
-No xylem or Phloem
-Ex.liverworts(Phylum Hepatophyta,Genus Marchantia)
-Ex.Hornworts (Phylum Anthocerophyta)
-Ex.Mosses(Phylum Bryophyta ,genus Polytrichum)
Other phylums are vascular

Front 16

vascular plants

Back 16

Plant that have two types of tube:Xylem and Phloem
-Sporophyte(n) is dominant
-Seedless Vascular plant
->Use spores because it has no seed

Front 17

Xylem

Back 17

conduct water and minerals
-down the plants

Front 18

Phloem

Back 18

conduct food or sugar
-in Up direction

Front 19

Gametes

Back 19

are cell that requires other gametes to fuse and form individuals

Front 20

Spores

Back 20

are *unicellular reproductive cell that doesn't have to fuse with other cells to form individuals

Front 21

Bryophyta

Back 21

mosses
**Genus Polytrichum
-nonvascular plant
-Gametophyte is dominant

Front 22

Protonema***

Back 22

-immature gametophyte(n)
of mosses, look alike algae

Front 23

Peristome teeth

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This structure is in Mosses and genus " Polytrichum "***

Front 24

Operculum*

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-Look like a lid
-locate on top of sporangium or capsule
-pop off to let spores come out

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Phylum Hepatophyta

Back 25

-Liverwort
Genus-> Marchantia***
-remember
Antheridiophore*
Archegoniophore*

Front 26

Antheridiophore*

Back 26

*(look like mushroom) has Antheridia that make sperms(flaggellated)
- in life cycle of liverwort(Marchantia*)
Phylum Hepatophyta

Front 27

Archegoniophore*

Back 27

*(look like palm tree) has Archegonia that make eggs
- in life cycle of liverwort(Marchantia*)
Phylum Hepatophyta

Front 28

Gemmae cups

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containing Gemmae. It can mitosis to become liverworts
(Asexual reproduction)
it's haploid because it becomes liverworts(n) by mitosis

Front 29

Elater(2n)

Back 29

Cork screw shape cells that are responsible for dispersing spores in the liverworts (Marchantia*)
Phylum Hepatophyta*

Front 30

Hornwort

Back 30

-Phylum Anthocerophyta
-nonvascular plant
-Gametophyte is dominant

Front 31

Pteridophyte

Back 31

-seedless vascular plant
-Sporophyte is dominant

Front 32

Phylum Lycophyta
(seedless vascular plant)

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-" Isoetes flaccida*"
(Florida quillwort)
-Seleginella Rrausianna(spike moss)
-Lycopodium(club moss)

Front 33

most seedless plants are Homosporous
*** fern are Homosporous

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Homosporous=same spores

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ALL seed plants and a few seedless vascular plant are heterosporous

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Heterosporous

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megaspore

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female gametophyte or megagametophyte

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microspore

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male gametophyte or microgametophyte

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Phylum Psilophyta
(seedless plants)

Back 37

"**Psilotum nudum"
(whisk fern)
-most primitive vascular plants coz it has no true leave and root
-has dichotonously branching limbs, no root but have leaf like outgrowths in their stems

Front 38

Phylum Sphenophyta

Back 38

"*Equisetum hyemale" (horsetails or *scouring rushed;use to scrub pots and pans)
- Have SiO2(Silica)in stem
-*stem is used for photosyn.
-nonphotosyn.leave called leave sheath
-Strobillus ahs its spores
-Living fossils = 400 million years ago

Front 39

Phylum Pterophyta
(seedless plants)

Back 39

-Holly fern
-responsible for life cycle of fern
- Sporophyte is dominant
- Remember
Sorus, Annulus,*Prothallus

Front 40

Sorus
(plu. = sori)

Back 40

One sorus have so many sporangium(contains spores)
" cluster of sporangia"

Front 41

Annulus

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when it is dried out,it causes the sporangium to break open exposing the spores to air currents

Front 42

*Prothallus or Prothallium
(heart-shape stucture)
in fern

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- a bisexual gametophyte
because it has both Archegonium and Antheridium on there

Front 43

**Circinate Vernation

Back 43

Cicular growth pattern of the fiddle head associated with immature sporophyte** of fern