Bio 2 Final Slideshows

Front 1

science of animal behavior in its natural habitat

Back 1

ethology

Front 2

ethological study of social behavior

Back 2

sociobiology

Front 3

social behavior is...

Back 3

1) reciprocal communication
2) cooperative in nature
3) permits a group of organisms of the same species to become organized

Front 4

focuses on individual behavior that maximizes reproductive and evolution success

Back 4

behavioral ecology

Front 5

mate choice, foraging, parental investment

Back 5

behavioral ecology

Front 6

behavior inherited, invariable, predictable

Back 6

innate behaviors

Front 7

behavior dependent on interactions between an organism and its environment

Back 7

instinctive behaviors

Front 8

behavior that is important for survival, especially when animals receive little or no parental care

Back 8

programmed behavior

Front 9

modification of behavior through experience

Back 9

learning

Front 10

this imposes a stable behavior in young animal by exposure to a particular stimuli during a critical period in development

Back 10

imprinting

Front 11

any response of one animal to another animal of the same species

Back 11

social behavior

Front 12

pros of social organization

Back 12

1) benefits in cooperation in hunting for food
2) huddling for mutual protection from severe weather
3) opportunities for division of labor
4) creates the potential for learning and transmitting useful information through society

Front 13

an offensive physical action or threat to force others to abandon something

Back 13

aggression

Front 14

broader category of behaviors including any activity related to fighting

Back 14

antagonistic behavior

Front 15

behavior that has been modified through evolution to make it effective in serving a communicative function

Back 15

ritualized display

Front 16

fixed area whose occupant exclude intruders of the same species and sometimes other species

Back 16

territory

Front 17

association between one male and one female at a time

Back 17

monogamy

Front 18

term that incorporates all male and female systems with more than one mate

Back 18

polygamy

Front 19

indicates that one male mates with more than one female

Back 19

polygyny

Front 20

indicates that one female mates with more than one male

Back 20

polyandry

Front 21

the act of sacrificing ones needs or life for the benefit of another

Back 21

altruism

Front 22

group-selection theory

Back 22

suggests that naimals that halped others "for the good of the species" helped the group survive, and selection was therefore at the group level

Front 23

kin selection

Back 23

fitness is not just measured by an animal's own offspring, but the increase or decrease in genes shared in the gene pool

Front 24

the relative number of an individual's alleles that are passed on to future generations from one's own offspring or that of related individuals

Back 24

inclusive fitness

Front 25

mental function, including perception, reasoning, and memory

Back 25

animal cognition

Front 26

study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment

Back 26

ecology

Front 27

1st law of thermodynamics

Back 27

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Front 28

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 28

in any natural process that involves energy exchanges, some of the energy is converted to heat and thus lost

Front 29

2 types of producers

Back 29

photosynthesizers, chemosynthesizers

Front 30

herbivores

Back 30

primary consumers

Front 31

carnivores

Back 31

secondary or tertiary consumers

Front 32

omnivores

Back 32

secondary or tertiary consumers

Front 33

use dead organisms as energy source

Back 33

decomposers

Front 34

ability to do work

Back 34

energy

Front 35

all species in a given area

Back 35

community

Front 36

the function of an organism, whit it does or how it interacts with its environment

Back 36

niche

Front 37

terrestrial communities of similarly adapted species occupying similar climatic areas around the world

Back 37

biomes

Front 38

group of 2 or more individuals of a single species

Back 38

population

Front 39

number of individuals in a given area

Back 39

population density

Front 40

factors in determining population size

Back 40

1) birth rate - increase
2) immigration - increase
3) death rate - decreases
4) emigration - decreases

Front 41

density dependent factors

Back 41

disease, lack of resources

Front 42

density independent factors

Back 42

climatic factors, other "external" factors

Front 43

can prevent a population from moving from one region to another identical habitat elsewhere

Back 43

barriers

Front 44

reconstruct histories of animal distributions

Back 44

phylogenetic systematics

Front 45

presents the structure of common evolutionary descent among species

Back 45

cladograms

Front 46

occurs when closely related species live in widely separated areas

Back 46

disjunct distributions

Front 47

2 possible explanations for disjunct distributions

Back 47

1) intervening territory is not suited for long-term colonization
2) climate change, habitat fragmentation, or movement of landmasses

Front 48

movement away from home region

Back 48

emigration

Front 49

into another region

Back 49

immigration

Front 50

one-way movement

Back 50

dispersal

Front 51

individual adjusts to its actions to presence of others to increase its own reproductive success directly

Back 51

socially coordinated behavior

Front 52

individual performs activities that benefit others because such behavior ultimately benefits the individual's genetic contribution to future genterations

Back 52

cooperative

Front 53

occurs when male mates with females by holding critical resources

Back 53

resource defense polygyny

Front 54

occurs when female aggregate and are defendable

Back 54

female defense polygyny

Front 55

occurs when females select mate from aggregations of males competing for an opportunity to mate

Back 55

male dominance polygyny

Front 56

the ability to ignore stimuli that at first appear to be a threat.

Back 56

habituation