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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Echidnodermata
Classes |
Asteroidea
Echidnoidea Holothuroidea Ophiuroidea Crinoidea |
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Anthropoda
Subphyla |
Trilobita
Chelicerata Crustacea Hexopoda Mryiapoda |
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Asteroidea (C)
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Starfish (sea stars)
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Echinoidea (C)
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sea urchins
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Holothuroidea (C)
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sea cucumbers
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Ophiuroidea (C)
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brittle stars
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Crinoidea (C)
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sea lilies, feather stars
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Trilobita (SP)
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extinct
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Chilopoda (C)
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centipedes
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Diplopoda (C)
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millipedes
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Echinodermata Symmetry
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Bilateral (larvae)
Radial (adult) |
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Echidnodermata Respiratory Sysem
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dermal brachaiae, tube feet
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Echidnodermata Circulatory System
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Water Vascular System (WVS)
* WVS unique to Echidnoderms* |
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Echidnodermata Skeletal
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CaCO3 endoskeleton
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Echidnodermata Coelom
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Yes (Deuterostome), but reduced
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Echidnodermata Cephalization
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NONE
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Echidnodermata Sexual Repro
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Dioecious, external fertilization
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Echidnodermata Asexual Repro
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Regeneration
(Starfish can grow back arm) |
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Echidnodermata Metamerism
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Some Internal
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Echidnodermata Excretory
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Diffusion
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Echidnodermata Nervous
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Diffusion
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Echidnodermata # of embryonic germ layers
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3
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Echidnodermata locomotion
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Movie via WVS and tube feet
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Echidnodermata digestion
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open clam with tube feet - evert cardia stomach --> secrete mucous, dig juices from hepatic caeca --> pyloric stomach --> dig caeca, --> rectal caeca --> anus
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Crustacea Respiratory
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Gills for gas exchange
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Crustacea Respiratory Pigment
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Hemocyanin
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Crustacea Circulatory
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Open
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Crustacea Skeletal
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chitinous exoskeleton, cephalothorax, and abdomen
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Crustacea Coelom
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Yes (Protostome), but reduced
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Crustacea Sexual Repro
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Dioecious
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Crustacea Metamerism
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YES
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Crustacea Excretory
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Green Gland
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Crustacea Nervous
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Ganglis and ventral nerve chord
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Crustacea # of embryonic germ layers
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3
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Crustacea Locomotion
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Exoskeleton with jointed appendages
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Crustacea Digestion
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Mouth--> esophagus --> cardiac stomach --> gastric mill (grinding) --> pyloric stomach --> intestine --> anus
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Insecta Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Insecta Respiratory
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Spiracles --> trachea --> tracheolus
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Insecta Circulatory
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Open
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Insecta Skeletal
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Chitinous exoskeleton; head, thorax, abdomen
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Insecta Coelom
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YES (protostome), but reduced
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Insecta Cephalization
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Highly developed, complex social patterns
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Insecta Sexual Repro
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Dioecious
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Insecta Asexual Repro
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Parthogenesis
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Insecta Metamerism
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YES
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Insecta Metamorphis
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Holometabolous (larvae --> pupa --> adult) and Hemimetabolous (nymph --> adult)
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Insecta Excretory
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Malpighian Tubules
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Insecta Nervous
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Ganglia and ventral nerve chord
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Insecta germ layers
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3
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Insecta Locomotion
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exoskeleton with jointed appendages, 3 pairs of legs
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Insecta Digestion
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Mouth --> esophagus --> crop --> gizzard (grinding) --> gastric caeca (secrete dig. enz.) --> midgut --> malphghian tubules --> hindgut --> anus
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Cnidarian Classes
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Hydrazoa, Scyphoxoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa
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Hydrazoa
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hydra, obelia
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Scyphozoa
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jellyfish
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Cubozoa
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box jellyfish
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Anthozoa
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anenemoe, corals
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Platyhelminthe Classes
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Turbellaria, Cestoda, Tremetoda
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Turbellaria
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free living, Dugesia (planarian)
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Cestoda
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Parasitic, tapeworms
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Tremetoda
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Parasitic, flukes
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Annelida Classes
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Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea
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Polychaeta
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Nereis, tube worms
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Oligochaeta
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earthworms
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Hirudinea
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leeches
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Mollusca Classes
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Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora
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Gastropoda
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snails, slugs, nudibranchs, abalone
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Bivalvia
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clam, mussel, scallop
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Cephalopoda
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octupi, squid, cuttlefish, nautillus
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Polyplacophora
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chitons
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Cnidarian Symmetry
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Radial
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Cnidarian Respiratory
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NONE (Diffusion)
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Cnidarian Skeletal
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NONE (in Hydrozoa), Hard CaCo3 (in Corals)
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Cnidarian Coelom
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NONE
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Cnidarian Cephalization
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NONE
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Cnidarian Sexual Repro
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Monoecious OR Dioecious
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Cnidarian Asexual Repro
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Budding
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Cnidarian Metamerism
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NONE
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Cnidarian Excretory
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NONE (Diffusion)
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Cnidarian Metamorphosis
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2 body plans: polyp and medusa
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Cnidarian Nervous
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Diffuse irregular net
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Cnidarian germ layers
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2 (development of tissues, NO organs)
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Cnidarian Locomotion
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Tumbling, swimming, floating, gliding
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Cnidarian Digestion
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Gastrovascular Cavity (GVC)
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Platyhelminthe Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Platyhelminthe Respiratory
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NONE (diffusion)
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Platyhelminthe Circulatory
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NONE (diffusion)
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Platyhelminthe Skeletal
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NONE
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Platyhelminthe Coelom
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NONE (Acoelomate)
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Platyhelminthe Cephelization
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Some (eyespots, brain)
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Platyhelminthe Sexual Repro
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Monoecious
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Platyhelminthe Asexual Repro
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Budding (in some)
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Platyhelminthe Metamerism
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some internal
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Platyhelminthe Nervous
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Nerve ladder, eyespots
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Platyhelminthe germ layers
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3 (acoelomate, true organs, NO body cavity)
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Platyhelminthe Locomotion
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Swimming via ciliated ventral surfaces; long and circular muscle contraction
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Platyhelminthe Digestion
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Pharynx --> 3 branched GVC
(Cestodes have NONE - absord from host) |
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Annelida Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Annelida Respiratory
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Skin
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Annelida Respiratory Pigment
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Dissolved hemoglobin
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Annelida Circulatory
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closed
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Annelida Skeletal
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fluid filled hydroskeleton
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Annelida Coelom
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YES (protostome)
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Annelida Cephalization
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Some (suprapharyngeal ganglion)
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Annelida Sexual Repro
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Monoecious
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Annelida Asexual
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Budding (in some)
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Annelida metamerism
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very evident, segmentation (somites)
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Annelida Excretory
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Metanephridia, anus
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Platyhelminthes Excretory
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Protonephridia with flame cells
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Annelida Nervous
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Ganglion, ventral nerve chord
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Annelida germ layers
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3 (true coelom and organs)
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Annelida Locomotion
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Setae, longitudinal and circular muscle contractions
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Annelida Digestion
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Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (tube) with typhlosole (internal fold of the intestine)
PATH = Mouth --> Pharynx --> Esophagus --> Crop --> Gizzard --> Intestine |
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Mollusca Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Mollusca Respiratory
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Ctenida
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Mollusca Resp. Pigment
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Hemocyanin
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Mollusca Circulatory
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Open
(but Closed in Cephalopods) |
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Mollusca Skeletal
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NONE; CaCo3 shell (except in cephalopods)
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Mollusca Coelom
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YES (protostome)
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Mollusca Cephalization
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some, more in Cephalopods
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Mollusca Sexual Repro
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Most dioecious
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Mollusca Metamerism
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only in 1 genus
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Mollusca Excretory
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Nephridia --> kidney
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Mollusca Nervous
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varies, highly developed in Cephalopods
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Mollusca germ layers
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3
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Mollusca locomotion
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most slow moving via foot, in cephalopods fast swimming via jet propulsion
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Mollusca Digestion
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GI Tract; clam - filter feeder with ctenida, stomach, and intestine
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Mollusca Derived Characterstics (5)
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1)shell
2) mantle 3) foot, 4) ctenida 5) radula (absent in bivalves) |
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Chordata Characteristics (4)
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1) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
2) Notochord 3) Pharyngeal gill slits 4) Post-anal tail |
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Vertebrata Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Vertebrata Respiratory
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larynx --> laryngopharynx --> trachea --> bronchi --> branchioles --> alveoli
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Vertebrata Resp. Pigment
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Hemoglobin
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Vertebrata Digestive
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Oropharynx --> Nasopharynx --> laryngopharynx --> esophagus --> stomach --> duodenum --> jejenum --> ileum --> colon --> rectum --> anus
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Vertebrata Circulatory
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SVC / IVC --> RA --> tricuspid valve --> RV --> pulmonary artery --> lungs --> pulmonary vein --> LA --> bicuspid valve --> LV --> aorta
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Vertebrata Skeletal
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internal, bone
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Vertebrata Coelom
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YES, several
(deuterostome) |
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Vertebrata Cephalization
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high degree, brain
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Vertebrata Sexual Repro
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Eggs and sperm, elaborate
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Vertebrata Metamerism
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YES, vertebral column
somites (development) |
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Vertebrata Exrectory
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Kidneys --> ureters --> bladder --> urethra
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Vertebrata Metamorphosis
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NONE, direct development
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Vertebrata Nervous
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high degree, central and peripheral nervous
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Vertebrata germ layers
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3 (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
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Life Cycle (ex. frog)
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Gametogenesis --> Fertilization --> Cleavage --> gastrulation --> nuerulation / organogenesis --> larvae --> metamorphosis --> adult
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Parthogenesis
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gametes develop without fertilization; egg develops without sperm nucleus (sorta sexual, sorta asexual)
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Meiotic Parthogenesis
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meiosis, 1N egg
ex. haplodiploidy with bees, ex. some fish, lizards (some with just females), amphibians (frogs) |
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Ameiotic Parthogenesis
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NO meiosis, 2N egg - clone (asexual)
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Fertilization
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union of membranes, union of nuclei (of sperm and egg (ovum))
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Oogenesis (process timeline)
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Primary follicle --> mature follicle --> ruptures --> oocyte released --> corpus luteum remains
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Spermatogenesis (process timeline)
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Spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules (with sertoli cells), interstital (Leydig) cells secrete testoserone (T) --> caput epididymis --> cauda epididymus --> vas deferens --> urethra
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Spermatogenesis
(Spermatogenic cells: a--> b--> c--> d --> e) |
spermatogonia --> primary spermatocyte --> secondary -spermatocyte --> spermatid --> spermatozoa (with flagella)
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"SEVEN UP"
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Seminiferous Tubules
Epididymus Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct Nothing but glands Urethra Penis |
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Cleavage
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rapid cell division with little growth (NO increase in cytoplasm)
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Holoblastic Cleavage
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complete cleavage;
cleavage plane extends entirely though the zygote (ex. sea urchins (NO yolk), frogs (little yolk)) |
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Meroblastic Cleavage
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incomplete cleavage b/c zygote has a lot of yolk;
cleavage plane does NOT extend entirely through zygote (ex. birds (chick)) |
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Organogenesis
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process by with the 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) develop into --> internal organs.
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Nueralation (definition)
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Part of organogenesis - formation of dorsal nerve cord, formation of CNS (central nervous system)
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Nueralation (process timeline)
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ectoderm forms neural plate - folds --> neural tube - differentiate --> brain AND spinal cord (both forming CNS)
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