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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is microbiology?
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study of single-celled organisms & their virus
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What are the types of microorganisms (most diverse form of life) and examples?
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prokarytic-no nucleus->eubacteria + archea
eukaryotic--->fungi + protozoa |
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who found archea?
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Carlos Woe (1980's)
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what are five characteristics of bacteria?
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1. small
2. motile- 50x length per second 3. structurally less complex 4. typically circular chrom + plasmids 5. goal of every bacterium -> become bacteria |
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which two scientists study the motility of bacteria?
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David Zuman & Dan Koshland
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what are plasmids?
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autonomous small circular DNA in bacteria
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what's the diff between gram+ and gram- bacteria?
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gram - => has an outer membrane
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how do bacteria divide?
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binary fusion
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convenient powers of 2^n:
2^10=? 2^20=? 2^30=? |
1000=10^3
10^6 10^9 |
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what's a clone?
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population of cells created from binary fusion from a single ancestor
not all identical |
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what's the log phase of a growth curve?
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cells number doesn't growth:
sensing environ import nutrients preparing marcomolecules |
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what happen to cell in the exponential phase?
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each cell dividing and growing at same rate as any other cells
use cells that this phase for lab research bec all cells are same physically |
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stationary phase?
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convert mass into bacteria
use all nutrients |
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how many bp in a bacteria chrom?
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4.3x10^6
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size of typical protein?
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50 kilodalton
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discovery of bacteriophage?
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Felia d'Herelle + Frederick Twort (1915)+Sinclair Lewis
growth of cocibcilli from locust on petri dish -> show zones of where cell were lyse (plaque) = kill the bacteria plaque were undlutiable |
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what's plaque?
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zone of lysed cells on petri plate
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phage?
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bacteria virus
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lysogene?
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cell harboring a quescent phage (prophage)
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three type of sex in bacteria?
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1.transformation - discover by Hamilton Smith
2.conjugation- discover by John Lederberg 3. transduction |
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what is transposable element?
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small DNA - contain transposen gene (allow jumping between chromosomes) and drug resistant gene
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why are some bacteria cells resistant to penicillin so rapidly?
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transposable elements cause drug resistant
e.g: methicillin created to counter the resistant but more transposable elements cause resistance MRSA |
