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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mRNA
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messenger which carries information for protein sequence
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rRNA
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ribosomal RNA, a structural component of the ribosome where proteins are synthesized
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tRNA
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transfer RNA, an adapter between mRNA and protein
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aldose
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monosaccharide with an aldehyde group at one end...C=O...GLUCOSE
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ketose
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monosaccharide with a keto group, usually at C2...C=O...FRUCTOSE
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glycosidic bond
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monosaccharides are linked together via a polymerization reaction
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cellulose
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beta glucose monomers, storage form of energy, cannot be digested by human
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starch
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energy storage of plants
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glycogen
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energy storage for animals; more highly branched than plant energy source
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fundamental difference between carbs and fatty acid
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FA insoluble in water and far more potential energy per gram
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fats
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long chains of hydrogen carbons (few or no hydroxyl groups) and insoluble in water
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amphipathic
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both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
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fatty acid
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carboxyl group on one end and a long chain of C and H on other end
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triglyceride
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glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
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triglyceride
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storage fats
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dynein
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motor of flagella
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exergonic
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releases energy
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endergonic
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takes in, uses energy
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first law of thermodynamics
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energy cannot be created or destroyed
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second law of thermodynamics
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when energy changes form, losses are inevitable. entrophy of the Universe always increases
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active site
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part of enzyme that binds to substrate and carries out catalysis
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induced fit
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change in shape of enzyme due to substrate binding
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Km
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concentration of reactant/substrate where velocity of rxn is 1/2 of its maximum velocity
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hexokinase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to glucose
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endosome
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vesicle formed by endocytosis
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entrophy
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measure of disorder
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enthalpy
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PE stored in chemical bonds before and after the reaction
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Gibb's Free Energy
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system used to analyze the energetics of biochemical reaction, whether something is gonna give off energy or require energy
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Delta G ^ degree
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a constant and does not depend on concentration
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