Bio 184- Unit 1 Vocab

Front 1

common pattern in scientific inquiry

Back 1

Observation...hypothesis...model...prediction...test (repeat)

Front 2

one f the 4 letter of genetic code

Back 2

base

Front 3

specific lock and key interaction between two of the units of the genetic code

Back 3

base pair

Front 4

a specific set of experimental conditions used to investigate the influence of a factor or process that might account for or interfere with the interpretation of the primary experiment. a single experiment may be supported by any number of controls, depending on the hypothesis being tested and the diligence of the investigator

Back 4

control

Front 5

a conclusion drawn by sound logical reasoning from a set of observations

Back 5

deduction

Front 6

a model for how the world might work, based of observation and subject to testing; a scientific hypothesis must be one that can potentially be proved false by experimentation

Back 6

hypothesis

Front 7

a potential description of some aspect of the universe. a sound model gives rise to predictions about what will occur or be observed under some novel set of conditions

Back 7

model

Front 8

a generic hypothesis stating that a given factor does not have an influence or does not give rise to an observable fact.
Ex. if my hypothesis is that i can accurately predict the suit of cards drawn from a shuffled deck, the null hypothesis would state that my success will be equivalent to what would be achieved by guessing randomly.

Back 8

null hypothesis

Front 9

a passive collection of information. May form the basis for a hypothesis; the key distinction of what is so; a hypothesis invokes an underlying explanation

Back 9

observation

Front 10

a specific statement of the outcome of a future event. a sound prediction arises directly from the experimental model under consideration and can readily and objectively be agreed upon to have been met or not.

Back 10

prediction

Front 11

a general term encompassing the ideas of making observations, attempting to account for observations by defining some sort of model of the causes underlying the observations, and employing the model to generate predictions of the outcome of further experimentation. the process is generally repeated as previous results are taken into account to refine or reject the hypothesis

Back 11

scientific method

Front 12

a logical explanation for a set of observations or occurrences that has come to be generally accepted on the basis of its performance through testing.

Back 12

theory

Front 13

Components of DNA/RNA

Back 13

C, H, O, N, P

Front 14

Components of Carbs

Back 14

C, H, O

Front 15

Components of proteins

Back 15

C, H, N, O

Front 16

Components of membranes

Back 16

C, H, N, O, P

Front 17

Highest and most reliable source of information

Back 17

empirical

Front 18

sharing electrons. Each atom gets to "count" both of the electrons toward its goal of eight (two if hydrogen)

Back 18

covalent bonds

Front 19

bond between charged entity and another charged entity. Charge interactions are directionless and can be felt (decreasingly) over a distance. No sharing

Back 19

Ionic bond

Front 20

a partially charged oxygen or nitrogen atom participating in a hydrogen interaction. The partial charge arises from the oxygen or nitrogen atom taking up the majority of the time with electrons of a shared pair.

Back 20

Acceptor, H-Bond acceptor

Front 21

once viewed as the simplest unit of matter; a collection of an equal number of protons and electrons along with some neutrons. The number of protons defines the properties and identity of the atom

Back 21

atom

Front 22

the frantic motion of small particles arising from collisions with other small particles (such as molecules). This increases with temperature, which is a measure of movement.

Back 22

Brownian Motion

Front 23

The foundational molecule for life on earth; notable properties include forming 4 bonds to complete its outer shell and having electronegativity similar to hydrogen

Back 23

Carbon

Front 24

referring to a stable bonding interaction between atoms; this is the result of equal or unequal sharing of an electron pair, with each atom contributing one electron in the pair

Back 24

covalent

Front 25

partially charged hyrdrogen atom that can form a weak interaction (as opposed to covalent bond) with a partially negatively charged atom. the partial charge arises from having the electrons it shares with another atom being pulled toward that other atom (in bio, most H-bond donors are covalently bonded with N or O)

Back 25

donor, H-Bond donor

Front 26

a tiny particle particle bearing a single negative charge that orbits the nucleus

Back 26

electron

Front 27

an atomic property reflecting the desire or covetousness or atoms for electrons (both their own and those of others. Comparison of this property allows one to predict whether two atoms will share electrons equally, unequally or one will lose and the other gain the electrons altogether.

Back 27

electronegativity

Front 28

smalles atom consisting of one proton and one electron; hydrogens commonly lose their electron altogether and exist as free protons; these in turn can glom onto negatively charged groups to recreate covalent bonds.

Back 28

Hydrogen atom

Front 29

arise because of asymmetric distributions of electrons that occur between covalently bonded atoms of different electronegativities. They are the interaction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom that is withdrawing electrons from a less electronegative partner (such as carbon or hydrogen). These can occur between or within molecules and they break and form readily

Back 29

Hydrogen interactions

Front 30

refers tothe property of molecules that consist primarily of bonded atoms of similar electronegativity; such bonds do not have an asymmetric distribution of electron charge and thus are unchanged (neutral. Since they have no partial charges to offer water, these molecules do not interact productively wiih water, and generally end up excluded from it.

Back 30

hydrophobic

Front 31

referring to a class of molecules consisting largely of C-C and C-H bonds. Such molecules are hydrophobic and the electrons in such bonds are rich in energy because of the orbitals

Back 31

lipid

Front 32

referring to a molecule or atom that has a negative or positive charge due to a gain or loss of electrons

Back 32

ionic

Front 33

a large, biological molecule. Often used to refer to one of the major classes of biologicall relevant molecules: nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), lipids, carbs (sugars) and proteins

Back 33

macromolecules

Front 34

energy state of an electron; can be conceptualized as an orbit, but more accurately can be thought of as the probability cloud where a given electron might be found.Different _____ represent discrete energy holdings for the electron

Back 34

orbital