Bio 183 Lect 8 (Test 2)

Front 1

____- programmed cell death

Back 1

Apoptosis

Front 2

All ____ eventually die (or divide)

Back 2

cells

Front 3

____ - life cycle of the cell, two choices, cell division or death.

Back 3

Cell cycle

Front 4

Cell cycle consists of:

Back 4

Gap phase 1 "growing up"
Gap phase 0
Synthesis Phase
Gap Phase 2
Mitosis

Front 5

____-
Can think of it, similar to washing machine cycle. Can suspend themselves, can kill themselves if something is wrong.

Back 5

Cell cycle

Front 6

Most of the time the cells sit in ____

Back 6

G1 (G0 is part of G1)

Front 7

____ - state of suspension in G1, not moving forward in cell cycle, not moving toward mitosis.

Back 7

G0

Front 8

____ - makes a whole copy of DNA, a 2nd set of chromosomal material.

Back 8

S

Front 9

____ - synthesis of required macromolecules

Back 9

G1

Front 10

____ - cells halted, cycle turned off

Back 10

G0

Front 11

____ - replication of the entire genome

Back 11

S

Front 12

____ - prep for mitosis

Back 12

G2

Front 13

____ - separate chromosomes, undergo cytokinesis

Back 13

M

Front 14

Only move forward to ____ after receiving a signal, external or external.

Back 14

S

Front 15

Cells commit to division in ____.

Back 15

G1

Front 16

____ - everything get "divvied up" fairly equally.

Back 16

Mitosis

Front 17

At ____, not all tissues can regenerate themselves
Ex. Nervous and muscle tissue.

Back 17

adult

Front 18

____ - sister chromosomes

Back 18

Chromatids

Front 19

____ - protein on top of centromere

Back 19

Kinetechore

Front 20

____ - dna at center of chromosomes that is hidden beneath the kinetechore proteins.

Back 20

Centromere

Front 21

At ____ chromosomes are maximally condensed.

Back 21

metaphase

Front 22

Two identical chromatids are attached at the ____ by kinetechore proteins.

Back 22

centromere

Front 23

Only is maximally packed/condensed at ____.
Typically DNA is loose in nucleus and found at predictable location.
"condense so it is easy to move"
Ex. Suitcase or angel hair pasta.

Back 23

metaphase

Front 24

____ - gene for gene, all chromosomes checked to make sure its all correct, then repairs are made or apoptosis.

Back 24

Metaphase checkpoint

Front 25

____ - Are all chromosomes attached to spindle apparatus?
Yes - proceed to anaphase
No - halt while repairs are made

Back 25

Metaphase checkpoint

Front 26

____ - proteins check dna for completion, damage and checks on supplies for next phase.

Back 26

G2 checkpoint

Front 27

____ - "decision to divide"

Back 27

Restriction point

Front 28

____ - most important checkpoint, happens in g1 (g0), will cell commit to mitosis?

Back 28

Restriction point

Front 29

____-
Are conditions favorable for cell division to occur?
Yes - g1 cyclin-cdk complex activated needed proteins.
No- g1 cyclin-cdk complex is not formed

Back 29

Restriction point

Front 30

____ binds to CDK and activates it and moves it forward.

Back 30

Cyclin

Front 31

____ levels go up to mediate events.

CDK levels stay constant, ____ levels change.

Back 31

Cyclin
Cyclin

Front 32

G1 cyclin binds to ____ and activates it.
Initiate chemical reactions to move toward S phase.

Back 32

CDK

Front 33

____ and cyclin dependen kinases (CDKs) mediate events in cycle phases.

Ex. G1 cyclin binds to CDK to pass "restriction point"

Back 33

Cyclins