Bio 183 Lect 6 (Test 2)

Front 1

____- incorporation of light from a photon into the chemical bonds of a sugar molecule.

Back 1

Photosynthesis

Front 2

____- region where chloroplasts reside.

Back 2

Mesophyll

Front 3

____- organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

Back 3

Chloroplast

Front 4

____- allow for gas exchange (02 and CO2)

Back 4

Stomates

Front 5

____- where the calvin cycle takes place

Back 5

Stroma

Front 6

____ are stacked into grana, sites of the light reactions.

Back 6

Thylakoids

Front 7

The light reactions in the ____ produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.

Back 7

thylakoid membrane

Front 8

The Calvin cycle in the ____ uses CO2, ATP, and NADPH to make carbohydrates such as sugars.

Back 8

stroma

Front 9

____ is the process by which plants capture light energy, trap it in chemical bonds and use that energy to assemble needed molecules.

Back 9

Photosynthesis

Front 10

Remember chloroplast has ____ membranes.

Back 10

3

Front 11

This takes place in the semiautonomous organelle, chloroplast.

Back 11

Photosynthesis

Front 12

w/in stroma ____ takes place.

Back 12

calvin cycle

Front 13

____ take place in the thylakoid membrane.

Back 13

Light reactions

Front 14

Needed ____ generated in the light reaction that are needed in the calvin cycle connect these two.

Back 14

substrates

Front 15

NADP+, picks up a h+ and an electron to form ____.
ADP becomes ____

Back 15

NADPH
ATP

Front 16

Two phases of photosynthesis:

Back 16

Light Reactions
Calvin Cycle

Front 17

____ - produce ATP and reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Back 17

Light reactions

Front 18

____ - Fix and reduce carbon to generate Glyceraldehyde-3-p (G_3_P)

Back 18

Calvin Cycle

Front 19

____ it used to assemble needed organic molecules.

Back 19

G-3-P

Front 20

Visible Light - ROYGBIV, Red is on ___ with longest wavelength, Violet is on ____ with shortest wavelength

Back 20

right
left

Front 21

Photons interact with ____, which become photoexcited.
____ will return to ground state (and emit a lower energy photon) or be removed.

Back 21

e-
e-

Front 22

____ jump up an orbital, key part of the process, an excited electron traps that energy.

Back 22

Electrons

Front 23

Two different ____ A and b with there slightly different spectrum.
Also ____ have a slightly different spectrum.

Back 23

chlorophyll's
carotene's

Front 24

Different ____ protect the plant from high UV light in addition to expanded spectrum.

Back 24

accessory pigments

Front 25

These colors are also responsible for the colors in the fall. As the ____ degraded, you see the other pigments that were unnoticed until the chloroplast/____ pigment is broken down.

Back 25

chlorophyll
chlorophyll

Front 26

Japanese maple, certain leaves are more red and some are more green. The ones getting the most sunlight (the ones on top) are the reddest. The ones getting less light need more ____ so they are greener.

Back 26

chloroplasts/chlorophyll

Front 27

____ is the first, it splits a water molecule, but it is also where light energy is harvested and converted to chemical reactions by excited electrons to the primary electron acceptor.

Back 27

Photosystem 2

Front 28

Light hits ____, jumps up to an excited state, as it falls down to ground it keeps on doing this to its neighbor until it goes to its primary electron acceptor.

Back 28

light harvesting complex

Front 29

(____ is the best/maximum absorption spectrum)

Back 29

p680

Front 30

"hopscotch of transferring ____ from one molecule to the next"

In photosystem 2, ____ is transferred along pigment molecules until it reaches P680.

Back 30

energy
energy

Front 31

Energy from ____ is then picked up by the primary electron acceptor.

Back 31

P680

Front 32

____ is produced by P680 as the missing electrons are replaced by cleavage of a water.

Back 32

Oxygen

Front 33

PS2 is where ____ is cleaved.
Remember all of this is taking place in the ____.

Back 33

water
thylakoid membrane

Front 34

At the end of ____ we have both ATP and NADPH, which are the building blocks needed to run the calvin cycle.

Back 34

noncyclic flow

Front 35

____ is another light harvesting complex with many of the same feature of ps2. NADP gets reduced to NADPH.

Back 35

Ps1

Front 36

When this is all up and running we have ____.

After the primary electron acceptor is reduced, this passes on to another electron acceptor (a donor) which then passes it on to another, ____, it then passes it on again to another

Back 36

Non-cyclic flow
cytochrome complex

Front 37

Each time electrons get passed, energy is lost, this energy is used to pump ____, and it is creates a ____ gradient and we have atp synthase creating atp.

Back 37

h+'s
h+

Front 38

The reason to turn off ____ and turn on ____ comes down to the fact that you need more ATP then nadph in relative amounts. OR! You need to make more ATP than nadph so cycle between these two cycles, but this is a way to crank out extra ATP that is needed metabolically.

Back 38

non-cyclic flow
cyclic flow

Front 39

So electrons rather than delivered to nadp reductase they are shuttled around and lose energy as the flow through the system which is then transferred to h+ in the thylakoid lumen which results in the production of ATP but not NADPH.

Back 39

cyclic flow

Front 40

____ is different, in this Ps2 is turned off and inactive, also nadp reductase is turned off (so do not make nadph)
So ps1 still captures light energy, and electrons still transport through the electron transport chain.

Back 40

cyclic flow

Front 41

3 phases of Calvin cycle:

Back 41

Fixation phase - trap co2
Reduction phase - add electrons to it
Regeneration phase - get ready for the next round

Front 42

We have trapped light energy and we have two of our necessary components.

Now have ____, some of the products become some of the substrates of the next pass of the cycle.

Back 42

Calvin cycle

Front 43

____ - atmospheric co2 is actually attached or fixed to an organic molecule present inside a stroma (co2 is attached to RuBP)

Back 43

Carbon fixation phase

Front 44

____ - add the electrons you caught in the light harvesting reaction

Back 44

Reduction phase

Front 45

____ - phase you make more RuBP for the next cycle.

Back 45

Regeneration phase

Front 46

____ -
Phase 1, Carbon Fixation
Phase 2, Reduction and carbohydrate production
Phase 3, Regeneration of RuBP

Back 46

Calvin Cycle

Front 47

The ____ in the thylakoid membrane produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.

Back 47

light reaction

Front 48

The ____ in the stroma uses CO2, ATP, and NADPH to make carbohydrates such as sugars.

Back 48

Calvin cycle

Front 49

Plants are green because green light is maximally absorbed by photosynthetic pigments.

Back 49

False, Green light is reflected!

Front 50

____,
While an important feature of the light reactions, it is not a component of PS II

Back 50

Electron Transport Chain

Front 51

Once those electrons reach ____, they will be re-energized by the light harvesting complexes located there.

Back 51

PS I

Front 52

____ - main product of the Calvin Cycle along with ribulose bisphosphate

Back 52

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Front 53

____ - a mobile electron carrier in photosynthesis; delivers electrons from the light harvesting complex to the calvin cycle

Back 53

NADP+

Front 54

____ - enzyme that catalyzed fixation of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate

Back 54

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

Front 55

____ is oxidized in the Calvin Cycle

Back 55

NADPH