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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the endocrine system? |
consists of several endocrine glands plus many hormone secreting cells |
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What are the 2 types of glands in the body? |
endocrine and exocrine |
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what are the functions of endocrine and exocrine glands? |
endocrine: secrete products into ducts that carry secretions into body cavity,lumen of organ or outside body exocrine: secrete hormones into interstitial fluid |
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what are the endocrine glands? |
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal glands |
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what are some organs and tissues that secrete hormones? |
hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta |
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what is endocrinology? |
scientific and medical specialty concerned with hormonal secretions and diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine system |
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how do hormones affect target cells? |
by binding to protein receptors |
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what are lipid soluble hormones? |
include steroid hormones(made from cholesterol), thyroid hormones( attaching iodine to tyrosine), and nitric oxide(functions as hormone and neurotransmitter) |
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What are water soluble hormones |
-made from modified amino acids - |
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what is the action of lipid soluble hormones? |
1) lipid soluble hormone detaches from transport protein in the bloodstream, diffuses from blood into interstitial fluid 2) hormone binds to receptor and activates/turns on genes 3)DNA is transcribed, RNA directs synthesis of protein 4) new protein alters cell activity |
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Action of water soluble hormones? |
1) hormone(first messenger) binds receptor in target cells 2) binding starts reaction inside cell that converts ATP into cAMP 3) cAMP(second messenger) activates enzymes 4) active proteins cause reactions that produce responses 5) cAMP is inactivated after short period of time and cells response is turned off |
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What are hormone secretions regulated by? |
1) signals from nervous system 2) chemical changes in the blood 3) chemical changes in other hormones |
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What are tropic hormones? |
ie. tropins -hormones that act on other endocrine glands or tissues to regulate secretion of another hormone |
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what is the hypophysis? |
-pituitary gland, a major link between endocrine and nervous system |
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what regulates the pituitary gland? |
hypothalamus |
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how many hormones does the pituitary gland and hypothalamus secrete? |
pituitary: 7 hormones synthesized hypothalamus: 9 hormones synthesized |
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what are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland? |
-anterior and posterior pituitary gland -both lobes rest in the hypophyseal fossa, depression in sphenoid bone |
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what is the infundibulum? |
stalklike structure attaches to the pituitary gland |
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what are the blood vessels in the infundibulum? |
-blood vessels are termed hypophyseal portal veins, which connect to capillaries in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary |
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what are the axons of the hypothalamic neurons? |
neurosecretory cells, which end near capillaries of hypothalmus |
