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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plant Cells: Protoplasts
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cytoplasm and nucleus, living part of plant, everything but cell wall
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Plant Cells: cell walls
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composed of cullulose
primary cell wall is the outer one secondary cell wall is the inside one, impregnated with lignin which stiffens, thicker |
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Plant Cells: plasmodesmata
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connections between cells
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Plant Cells: pits
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area of plasmodesmata w/ no secondary cell wall
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Plant Cells: vacuole
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stores water and minerals
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Plant Cells: plastids
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organelle infolved w/ photosynthesis and storage which contains pigments
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Plant Cells: 3 Types of plastids and their pigments
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chloroplast - chlorophyll
chromoplast - carotenoids (yellow, red, orange) leucoplasts - lack pigments, store starches proteins, lipids |
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Plant Tissues: 4 Types
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1. dermal
2. vascular 3. ground 4. meristematic |
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Meristematic Tissues
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active regions of cell division and growth
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3 Types of Meristems
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apical meristems - tips of roots, stems which lengthens body (primary growth)
lateral meristems - provides secondary growth which adds girth Intercalary - regrowth of leaves from base, found in grasses |
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2 Types of Lateral Meristems
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Vascular cambium - makes secondary vascular tissues in Woody Dicots
Cork cambium - makes corks cells which form bark in woody dicots |
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Ground Tissue (promeristem)
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main plant body, photosynthetic, storage
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Ground Tissue: 3 Types of Cells
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parenchyma - most common cells which function in photosythesis, storage, secreation etc
- thin primary cell walls - large vacuoles - living protoplasts - often 14 sided polygons - can divide at maturity Collenchyma cells - alive at maturity - more long than wide - cell walls are thick in corners - not lignified but flexible - found only in primary plant body - ex. celary strands Sclerenchyma cells - rigid thick cell walls + - primary and lignified seconday - lack protoplast at maturity |
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Ground Tissue: 2 Types of Sclernchyma cells
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1. Fibers - long slender cells in clumps which supporty plant (ex. burlap, linen, sisal rope)
2. Sclereids - thick brittle cell walls are cuboidal, protect embryo in seedcoat (ex. pears have stone cells) |
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Ground Tissue: Sclernchyma cells: Pears
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Pear has stone cells (sclereids) with secondary cell walls with lignin
- phloroglucinol stains them red and you see round clups of sclerids |
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Cell Walls: Middle Lamella
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holds cells together, produced first by protoplast
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Tonoplast
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membrane which surrounds vacuoles
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Potatoe plastid
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Leucoplasts - contain starch (purple w/ IKI solution)
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Epidermal Tissues: Epidermis
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one cell thick from protoderm, protection, secretes waxes and oils
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Epidermal Tissues: periderm
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outer layers of bark *no chloroplasts in epidermis
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Epidermal Tissues: guard cells
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surround the stomata and function via turgor pressure to open of close the stomata
photosynthetic |
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Epidermal Tissues: root hairs
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tubular extension which increase surface area for absorbtion
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Epidermal Tissues: trichomes
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hair-like structures which specialize in protection
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2 Vascular Tissues
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Xylem
Phloem |
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Xylem
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dead tubular structure
toward center of plant transports water and minerals |
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Xylem: 3 cell types
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Vessels - large barrel-shaped cells joined end to end.
More efficient. More evolved. Found in Angiosperms Tracheids - long narrow spindle-shaped cells w/ tapered ends gymnosperms only have tracheids Pits - old sites of plasmodesmata in vessels and thracheids which allow lateral movement Pits |
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Phloem
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transports sugars
living tubular structure toward outer peripery of plant |
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Phloem: 2 cell types
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Sieve Tube Members - cylindrical cell w/ thin primary cell walls with living protoplasts at maturity but LACK A NUCLEUS
- join end to end at sieve plates with plasmedesmata Companion cell - joined to STM via a lateral plasmadesmata which loads and unloads organic matter **has p-protein which seals sieve plate in case of damage |
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What type of cells is an apple mostly composed of and what are their functions?
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Parenchyma cells
protect the seeds |
