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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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99% of human weight is 6 elements:
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hydrogen
oxygen nitrogen carbon calcium phosphorus |
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Hydrolysis
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water+large molecule= smaller units + energy
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dehydration synthesis
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small molecules joined:
energy water similar to hydrolysis |
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5 main products of hydrolysis & dehydration synthesis reactions:
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carbs
lipids proteins nucleic acid ATP |
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Carbs
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1 source of chemical energy
most abundant,cheapest food source |
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monosaccharides
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simple sugars
soluble in water small molecular size |
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Why is glucose most important monosaccharide?
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most common
primary nutrient - cellular energy |
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oligosaccharides
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>1 mono
dehydration synthesis |
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Disaccharides
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common
too large to enter cell broken down via |
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Polysaccharides
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complex carbs
large insoluble lots of potential energy |
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Plant Starch
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long, unbranching chains of glucose
only in plants easily broken down by hydrolysis |
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Glycogen
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long,branching chains of glucose
stored in animal cells |
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cellulose
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long chains of glucose
in plant cell walls Fiber |
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Lipids
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Importance:
10% of cell cell membranes Hormones insulators can be metabolized -> ATP |
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Triglycerides
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Glycerol
Fatty Acides joined by dehydration synthesis |
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Saturated Fat
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Solid
Animal fat, lard, shortening |
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Unsaturated Fat
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liquid
olive oil,canola oil, peanut oil. |
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Trans Fat
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hydrogenation
changes unsaturated fat to saturated common in fried foods |
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proteins/ Amino Acids
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15% of cell
fundamental building blocks 20 occur in nature |
