Bio-1450 Comprehensive Final

Front 1

Building blocks of nucleic acids are?

Back 1

Nucleotides

Front 2

A 5 carbon sugar found in RNA?

Back 2

Ribose

Front 3

A 3 carbon component of triglycerides?

Back 3

Carboxyl group

Front 4

Polysaccharide composed of glucose?

Back 4

Cellulose

Front 5

May be saturated or unsaturated?

Back 5

Fatty acids

Front 6

Makes an organic molecule and acid?

Back 6

Carboxyl Group

Front 7

Sucrose is an example

Back 7

Disaccharide

Front 8

A pyrimidine found in DNA?

Back 8

Thymine

Front 9

Building blocks of protein

Back 9

Amino acids

Front 10

Universal energy carrying molecule

Back 10

ATP

Front 11

The " " structure of a protein is the sequence of the amino acids.

Back 11

primary

Front 12

Amino acids are held together by " " bonds.

Back 12

Peptide

Front 13

Breaking apart a molecule by the addition of a molecule of water is called a(n) " " reaction

Back 13

hydrolosis

Front 14

Enzymes have " "" " where substrate molecules fit.

Back 14

active sites

Front 15

Cell membranes are composed of the protein " ".

Back 15

Actin

Front 16

Microscopic, cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells are termed " "

Back 16

plasmodesmata

Front 17

Organelles involved in the assembly of proteins are called " ".

Back 17

ribosomes

Front 18

Stroma and grana are terms which define portions of the ?

Back 18

cholorplast

Front 19

The movement of substances across a membrane against a concentrations gradient using energy is termed?

Back 19

active transport

Front 20

Proton pumping acros membranes in the mitochondrion and chloroplasts supplies energy for the manufacture of ?

Back 20

ATP molecules

Front 21

Your white blood cells engulf invading bacterial cells by a process known as ?

Back 21

phagocytosis

Front 22

In the cell cycle, the DNA material is duplicated during the ? phase?

Back 22

S phase

Front 23

The second law of thermodynamics predicts that "?" will increase if a system is left alone.

Back 23

entropy

Front 24

At the end of glycoloysis, glucose is transformed into 2 molecules of ?

Back 24

ATP and NADH

Front 25

in aerobic respiration, the required oxygen is combined in a final step in oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) into ?

Back 25

Cristae of the mitochondrion

Front 26

Name the group of organisms most frequently associated with alcoholic fermentation pathways.

Back 26

yeasts

Front 27

The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the "?" of the chloroplast.

Back 27

grana

Front 28

A waste product of non-cyclic photophosphorylation in chloroplasts is "?" and is released by green plants during the day.

Back 28

oxygen

Front 29

The enzyme which functions in the Calvin Cycle combining CO2 and RuBP is "?", and ancient and probably the most common enzyme on the planet.

Back 29

Rubisco

Front 30

C4 plants are generally thought of as more efficient photosynthesizers because they do not carry out the energetically wasteful process of ?

Back 30

photorespiration

Front 31

The exchange of genetic information during meisos I between homologous chromosomes is termed ?

Back 31

crossing over

Front 32

A cross where a plant with red flowers is mated with a plant with white flowers and the offspring plants produce pink flowers is an example of ?

Back 32

incomplete dominance

Front 33

A bell shaped curve frequently represents the results of "?" inheritance.

Back 33

Polygenic

Front 34

The exchange of genetic information between non-homologous chromosomes is a type of mutation called a "

Back 34

translocation mutation

Front 35

In plants, meiosis produces "?" while in animals this type of cell division produces "?"

Back 35

spores and gametes

Front 36

If a type A man reproduces with a type B woman, their children could be types ? (4 answers)

Back 36

A, B, AB, or O

Front 37

T or F

Starch and cellulose are both composed of glucose units?

Back 37

True

Front 38

T or F If a compound gains electrons it is said to be oxidized.

Back 38

False

Front 39

T or F Enzymes reduce the "activation energy" needed to drive biological reactions.

Back 39

True

Front 40

T or F RNA and DNA are both double helix type molecules.

Back 40

False. RNA is single.

Front 41

T or F Saturated fats are commonly produced as storage products by plants.

Back 41

False

Front 42

T or F Waxes, suberin and cutin are polysaccharides.

Back 42

False. Lipids

Front 43

T or F Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both double membrane bound organelles.

Back 43

True

Front 44

T or F The cell wall of a plant cell is outside the cell membrane.

Back 44

True

Front 45

T or F Golgi bodies are found in both plant and animal cells.

Back 45

True

Front 46

T or F The tonoplast is the membrane surrounding the mitochondrion.

Back 46

False. Its the vacuole

Front 47

T or F 9+2 structure refers to the arrangement of macrofibrils in the cell wall.

Back 47

False.

Front 48

T or F Water always moves from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic one.

Back 48

False

Front 49

T or F Membrane proteins may function as binding sites, transport proteins, and for chemical signal recognition.

Back 49

True

Front 50

T or F Chemical reactions which require energy input are generally termed endothermic (endergonic)

Back 50

True

Front 51

T or F NAD, FAD and ctochromes are molecules frequently called "electron carrier" molecules.

Back 51

True

Front 52

T or F In human females, each primary oocyte which undergoes meiosis produces 4 haploid egg cells

Back 52

Fales

Front 53

T or F Cell plate formation is the usual manner of cytokinesis in plant cells.

Back 53

True

Front 54

T or F Visible light is generally considered to include the range of 350 to 750 nanometers in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Back 54

True

Front 55

T or F Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondrion.

Back 55

False. It takes place in the cytoplasm.

Front 56

T or F Organisms which carry out fermentation gain 36 ATP's from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose.

Back 56

False

Front 57

T or F Only bacterial cells can carry out lactic acid fermentation.

Back 57

False

Front 58

T or F The Krebs Cycle takes place in the chloroplast during the daytime.

Back 58

False

Front 59

T or F One moloecule of glucose can yield 72 ATP's if completely metabolized.

Back 59

False

Front 60

T or F Chlorphyll molecules only absorb light energy in the green portion of the spectrum.

Back 60

False

Front 61

T or F Chlorophyll molecules contain magnesium.

Back 61

True

Front 62

T or F Carotenoid pigments are helpful in photosynthesis because they widen the spectrum of light energies which can help drive the process.

Back 62

True

Front 63

T or F CAM plants carry out the C4 pathway activities at night.

Back 63

True

Front 64

T or F Corn is a C4-type grass.

Back 64

True

Front 65

T or F Most C4 plants are of tropical origin.

Back 65

True

Front 66

T or F During prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up. This does not happen during mitosis.

Back 66

Tru

Front 67

T or F AaBb x AaBb (assuming normal dominance) would yeild offspring with representing FOUR phenotypes.

Back 67

True

Front 68

T or F Just before the beginning of meiosis II, the DNA material replicates again.

Back 68

False

Front 69

T or F Independent assortment of genetic traits (Mendels Second Law) works as long as the traits are on the same pair of homologous chromosomes.

Back 69

True

Front 70

T or F Seedless watermelons are seedless because they are triploid. (3N)

Back 70

True

Front 71

T or F Two normal visioned parents can have a color blind child.

Back 71

True

Front 72

T or F At the end of meiosis, each resulting cell is genetically unique.

Back 72

True

Front 73

T or F In a test cross one of the individuals is the homozygous recessive.

Back 73

True

Front 74

T or F Alternate forms of a gene are termed alleles.

Back 74

True

Front 75

T or F XXX and XYY human beings are the result of meiotic error know as pleiotropic erros.

Back 75

False. Non-disjunction

Front 76

T or F Bundle sheath cells of C4 grasses carry out the C3 pathway of carbon fixation during the daytime.

Back 76

True

Front 77

What are the five major concepts (ideas) in biology as outlined in class?

Back 77

All life is based on chemistry
All life is based on cells, the basic unit of structure and function.
All life evolves using natural selection.
All life uses the same genetic code.
All life is interconnected.

Front 78

Pteridophyta is a type of?

Back 78

Fern

Front 79

Green algae with members such as Volvox.

Back 79

Chlorophyta

Front 80

Mushrooms, bracket fungi Aggaricus

Back 80

Hymenomycetes

Front 81

Extinct group of vascular plants

Back 81

Rhyniophyta

Front 82

Horsetails, scouring rushes; homosporous

Back 82

Equisetophyta

Front 83

Pilobolus, coenoctic hyphae

Back 83

Zygomycota

Front 84

Contains non-motile protozoans such as the malaria organism, Plasmodium vivax.

Back 84

Apicomplexa

Front 85

Liverworts such as Marchantia

Back 85

Hepatophyta

Front 86

most lichens, ergot of rye, Peziza

Back 86

Ascomycota

Front 87

Red algae, Polysiphonia belongs here

Back 87

Rhodophyta

Front 88

Water molds; Plasmopara and Phytophthora.

Back 88

Oomycota

Front 89

Puffballs, earth stars, stinkhorns.

Back 89

Gasteromycetes

Front 90

Wisk ferns, Psilotum belongs here.

Back 90

Psilotophyta

Front 91

Red tides, dinoflagellates, noctiluca

Back 91

Dinophyta (Pyrrhophyta)

Front 92

Plasmodial slime molds, Physarum

Back 92

Myxomycota

Front 93

What are the 4 kingdoms of living organisms?

Back 93

Fungi - Protista - Plantae - Animalia

Front 94

The process of making an RNA message from the DNA molecule is called "?" while the actual assembly of the protein based on the mRNA code is the process of "?"

Back 94

Transcription and translation

Front 95

Amino acids are brought to the protein assembly site of the ribosome attached to molecules of ?

Back 95

transfer RNA

Front 96

Molecules that have a 3 letter code called the "?" which must complement the 3 letter code on the mRNA molecule.

Back 96

codons

Front 97

Which group of fungal-like protoctists has a life cycle pattern like animals and produces cellulose in the cell walls?

Back 97

Oomycota

Front 98

Imperfect fungi (Deuteromycetes) are, most likely members of the Division?

Back 98

Ascomycota

Front 99

The three growth forms of lichen-forming fungi are ?

Back 99

Fruticose, foliose and crustose.

Front 100

In Dictyostelium, once the amobae have aggregated, the "?" stage migrates and eventually forms the sorocarp.

Back 100

Grex/pseudoplasmodium

Front 101

A member of the Phylum: Ciliophora is the genus.

Back 101

Stentor

Front 102

Nereocystis and Marcrocystis belong to this Division:

Back 102

Phaeophyta

Front 103

Division Phaeophyta is commercially important because we extract "?" from their cell walls.

Back 103

Alginates

Front 104

Name a genus of algae which produces a red eye spot, proteinaceous cell wall, and paramylon as a food reserve.

Back 104

Euglena

Front 105

A non-motile, unicellular gren alga

Back 105

Micraslerids

Front 106

a motile, colonial green alga:

Back 106

volvox

Front 107

a coenocytic, marine green algo

Back 107

acetabularia

Front 108

a liverwort

Back 108

marchantia

Front 109

a heterosporous lycopod (lycopodophyta)

Back 109

selaginella

Front 110

a heterosporous fern

Back 110

marsilea

Front 111

Name a moss

Back 111

sphagnum

Front 112

name a dinoflagellate

Back 112

noctiluca

Front 113

What moss capsule structure is specially designed to assist in spore dispersal

Back 113

peristome

Front 114

The cluster of sporangia on the underside of a fern frond is termed a

Back 114

sori

Front 115

In ferns, the spores develop into the ? generation.

Back 115

gametophyte

Front 116

T or F In the DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with guanine.

Back 116

False

Front 117

T or F In prokaryotes, the mRNA molecule is edited before it leaes the nucleus.

Back 117

False

Front 118

T or F DNA replication start at one end of the molecule and proceeds until it reachs the other end.

Back 118

False

Front 119

T or F The 3 letter sequence on a mRNA molecule which specifies an amino acid is called a codon.

Back 119

True

Front 120

T or F All viruses contain DNA molecules which direct the synthesis of new cirus particles in host cells.

Back 120

False

Front 121

T or F Aids is caused by a bacterium

Back 121

False

Front 122

T or F Some virsuses contain reverse transcriptase, an enzyme capable of making a DNA molecule from an RNA molecule.

Back 122

True

Front 123

T or F Fungi gain their nutrients like aninals do, by ingestion.

Back 123

False

Front 124

T or F Yeasts are bacteria which have a type of cell dicision called budding.

Back 124

False

Front 125

T or F Hormogonia are produced by some cyanobacteria.

Back 125

True

Front 126

T or F Lichens are sensitive to air pollution, especially SO2.

Back 126

True

Front 127

T or F In puccinia graminis, one host for the rust is the apple tree.

Back 127

False. Wheat and barberry

Front 128

T or F Peziza is a fungus which produces an apothecium.

Back 128

True

Front 129

T or F Ascospores are haploid.

Back 129

True

Front 130

T or F Giardia is an intestinal parasite of humans and other animals which belongs to the same group as the malaria organism.

Back 130

False. Giardia belongs to zoomastiginia and malaria belongs to apicomplexa.

Front 131

T or F Ulva and polysiphonia both have alternation of generations types of life cycles.

Back 131

True

Front 132

T or F Spirogyra produces motile, flagellated gametes like most other green algae.

Back 132

False

Front 133

T or F Red algae produce no motile (flagellated) cells.

Back 133

True

Front 134

T or F Most brown algae are found in cold ocean waters.

Back 134

True

Front 135

T or F Diatoms have silicon in their cell walls.

Back 135

True

Front 136

T or F Red tides are caused by exploding populations of diatoms.

Back 136

False. Dinoflagellates

Front 137

T or F Red algae are important as a source of commercial agar.

Back 137

True

Front 138

T or F In the large kelps, the plant you see is the gametophyte generation.

Back 138

True

Front 139

T or F Archegoniophores and antheridiophores are produced by some liverworts.

Back 139

True. Marchantia

Front 140

T or F Male mosses produce pollen.

Back 140

False

Front 141

T or F Acetabularia is a brown alga.

Back 141

False

Front 142

T or F Paramylon is the food storage carbohydrate of the green algae.

Back 142

False. Starch

Front 143

T or F Lycopodium is homosporous.

Back 143

True

Front 144

T or F Megaspores develop into female sporophytes.

Back 144

False. gametophytes.

Front 145

T or F Most ferns are homosporous.

Back 145

True

Front 146

T or F Megaphyllous leaves do not produce a leag gap.

Back 146

False

Front 147

T or F Armored and unarmored are terms which refer to diatoms.

Back 147

False. Found in dinoflagellates and are two different forms of cells. Armored=thick cellulose plates covering cells. Unarmored=very thin plates.

Front 148

T or F Pluricarpous mosses are erct forms with terminal sporophytes.

Back 148

False

Front 149

T or F Isoetes is a heterosporous with each leaf being a sporophyll.

Back 149

True

Front 150

T or F Lepidodendron, calamites, and rhynia are extint plants.

Back 150

True

Front 151

T or F Morels and mushrooms both belong to the same fungal division.

Back 151

False

Front 152

T or F Sphagnum bogs are relatively sterile places because they are very acidic.

Back 152

True

Front 153

T or F Ferns produce megaphyllous leaves (Fronds)

Back 153

True

Front 154

T or F Desmids are green algae, members of chlorophyta

Back 154

True

Front 155

T or F Marchantia is a thallose liverwort.

Back 155

True

Front 156

T or F The tonoplast is a membrane surrounding a cell vacuole

Back 156

True

Front 157

T or F Water is a polar molecule.

Back 157

True

Front 158

T or F Water moves from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions

Back 158

True

Front 159

T or F If a molecule gains electrons, it is said to have become reduced.

Back 159

True

Front 160

T or F Cellulose is a polymer of glucose.

Back 160

True

Front 161

T or F Crossing over takes place during prophase of mitosis.

Back 161

False. meiosis

Front 162

T or F The division of the cytoplasm in animal cells at the end of mitosis is done by furrowing.

Back 162

True

Front 163

T or F The plasmodesmata are involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA

Back 163

False

Front 164

T or F Active transport moves materials against a concentration gradient.

Back 164

True

Front 165

T or F Photosynthesis is driven especially well by light in the green portion of the visible spectrum.

Back 165

False

Front 166

T or F Yeasts produce less ATP from the breakdown of glucose than we do.

Back 166

True

Front 167

T or F Celular respiration in the mitochondrion requires oxygen

Back 167

True

Front 168

T or F In CAM plants sugar is synthesized crom CO2 in the daytime.

Back 168

True

Front 169

T or F Photorespiration is common in al C4 plants.

Back 169

False

Front 170

T or F The C4 pathway in warm season grasses take place in the mesophyll cells.

Back 170

True

Front 171

T or F Unsaturated fats are usually produced by animals and are solids at room temperature.

Back 171

False

Front 172

T or F Hemoglobin is a good example of a complex protein with a beta-pleated sheet structure.

Back 172

False. Tertiary

Front 173

T or F Putting together two compounds by removing a molecule of water is an example of dehydration synthesis reaction.

Back 173

True

Front 174

T or F Complete respiration (metabolism) of two molecules of glucose can yield 72 ATP molecules.

Back 174

True. one molecule yields 36 ATP (multiply by two).

Front 175

T or F There is no S-phase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Back 175

True

Front 176

T or F Mendels concept of Independent Assortment dealt with the way alleles for the same trait separate from each other during the production of gametes or spores.

Back 176

False.

Front 177

T or F A colorblind woman could have male childrent with normal vision if the father of the children has normal vision.

Back 177

False

Front 178

T or F Mutations can be caused by both chemicals and by ionizing radiation

Back 178

True

Front 179

T or F Non-functional polar bodies are produced be human females during meisos of oocytes.

Back 179

True

Front 180

T or F If an organism has the genetic combination BB it is said to be homozygous for that trait.

Back 180

True

Front 181

T or F Generally, if the temperature goes up, the speed of an enzymatic reaction will decrease.

Back 181

False

Front 182

T or F Many cacti are CAM plants.

Back 182

True

Front 183

T or F The details of the Calvin Cycle of carbon fixation.in plants were first worked out using wheat.

Back 183

False

Front 184

T or F Light below 600nm wavelength is considered to be red light.

Back 184

False

Front 185

T or F Synapsis is the coming together of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Back 185

True

Front 186

an exchange of genes between hon-homologous chromosomes

Back 186

Translocation

Front 187

Division of the cytoplasm in cel division

Back 187

Cytokinesis

Front 188

Building blocks of nucleic acids

Back 188

Nucleotide

Front 189

The sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Back 189

Primary structure

Front 190

portion (region) of the chloroplast

Back 190

Stroma

Front 191

Cell organelle responsible for producing lots of ATP

Back 191

Mitochondrion

Front 192

Makes an organic molecule an acid

Back 192

Carboxyl group

Front 193

Two solutions with the same concentration of solutes

Back 193

isotonic

Front 194

Genetic conditoin having three sets of chromosomes

Back 194

Triploid

Front 195

A blending type of inheritance

Back 195

Incomplete dominance

Front 196

Time in the cell cycle when DNA is duplicated

Back 196

S-phase

Front 197

Connection between amino acids in proteins

Back 197

peptide bond

Front 198

a major component of membranes

Back 198

phospholipid

Front 199

CO2 trapping enzyme in C3 plants

Back 199

Rubisco

Front 200

Alternate form of a gene

Back 200

Allele

Front 201

example of a disaccharide

Back 201

sucrose - which is glucose and fructose.

Front 202

organelle in most animals ells with strong digestive enzymes

Back 202

lysosome

Front 203

a product of one type of fermentation.

Back 203

ethyl alcohol

Front 204

splitting apart two compounds by the addition of water

Back 204

hydrolysis

Front 205

a compound produced in the photochemical part of photosynthesis

Back 205

NADPH

Front 206

Cells which lack an organized nubleus are termed "?" cells

Back 206

prokaryotic

Front 207

Ribosomes are involved in the cellular process of ? (2 words)

Back 207

protein synthesis

Front 208

The "??" is a cellular organelle often referred to as a packaging center. (2 words)

Back 208

Golgi bodies

Front 209

Cilia and flagella are composed of the protein?

Back 209

tubulin

Front 210

In the cell cycle, the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during ?

Back 210

metaphase

Front 211

The oxygen released by plants during the daytime comes from the splitting of ?

Back 211

water (H2O)

Front 212

Transport of molecules across membranes with a concentration gradient using proteins (permeases) is termed?

Back 212

Facilitated diffusion

Front 213

The enzyme that traps CO2 in C4 plants is called "?" carboxylase.

Back 213

PEP

Front 214

Enzymes are proteins with "?" "?" where substrates fit (2 words)

Back 214

active sites

Front 215

Yeasts ferment pyruvate in "?" and "?".

Back 215

CO2 and Ethyl alcohol

Front 216

The breakdown of sugar (glycolysis) takes place in the "?" while the subsequent steps (Krebs Cycle) takes place in the "?"

Back 216

Cytoplasm and in the matrix of the mitochondrion

Front 217

"?" is a good example of a C4 grass.

Back 217

Corn

Front 218

In the structure of RNA, the 5 carbon sugar is?

Back 218

Ribose

Front 219

A triglyceride is composed of a molecule of "?" and three "?""?" (2 words)

Back 219

glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

Front 220

Chemical reactions which release energy are generally called

Back 220

exergonic

Front 221

ABO blood groups in humans are a good example of the genetic variation called ?

Back 221

codominance

Front 222

A meiotic mistake (mutation) in which one extra chromosome is present in a gamete is termed a ?

Back 222

Non-disjunction

Front 223

An accessory pigment in the process of photosynthesis.

Back 223

Carotenoid

Front 224

Watson and Crick were the first to publis the structure of ?

Back 224

DNA

Front 225

Your white blood cells clear your bloodstream of harmful bacteria by engulfing them. This process is called

Back 225

phagocytosis

Front 226

A term which describes the possible mechanism of origin of certain cellular organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) in ancient eukaryotic cells.

Back 226

Serial Endosymbiosis

Front 227

oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) is the final stage in cellular respiration. It takes place on the "?" of the mitochondrion.

Back 227

cristae

Front 228

The place (location) where a gene resides on a chromosome is called its ?

Back 228

locus

Front 229

Red tides belong to which Division?

Back 229

Dinophyta -

Front 230

Pilobolus belong to which Division?

Back 230

Zygomycota - bread molds

Front 231

Kelps belong to which Division?

Back 231

Phaeophyta - brown algae, kelp, cold marine waters.

Front 232

Malaria belongs to which Division?

Back 232

Apicomplexa - (sporozoans, animal-like protists.

Front 233

Sphagnum belongs to which Division?

Back 233

Bryophyta (mosses)

Front 234

Leafy liverworts belong to which Division?

Back 234

Hepatophyta (liverworts)

Front 235

Isoetes belongs to which Division?

Back 235

Lycopodiophyta (club mosses)

Front 236

Equisetum belongs to which Division?

Back 236

Pteridophyta (typical ferns, wisk ferns and horsetails)

Front 237

Slime molds belong to which Division?

Back 237

Myxomycota (plasmodial slime molds)

Front 238

Diatoms belong to which Division?

Back 238

Bacillariophyta (autotrophic algal protists, diatomacious earth)

Front 239

Spirogyra belongs to which Division?

Back 239

Chlorophyta (green algae)

Front 240

Corn smut belongs to which Division?

Back 240

Basidiomycota (Ustomycetes, club fungi)

Front 241

Foraminifera belongs to which Phylum?

Back 241

Rhizopoda (amoebas, heliozoans)

Front 242

Lichens belong to which Division?

Back 242

Ascomycota (sac fungi and lichen, hemia and euasco)

Front 243

The "ich" on fish is from which Division?

Back 243

Oomycota (water molds, downey mildew of grapes, potato blight)

Front 244

Polysiphonia is from which Division?

Back 244

Rhodophyta (red algae, warm marine waters, agar, carrageenan)

Front 245

Paramecium is from which Division?

Back 245

Ciliophora (Ciliates, ventor and vorticella)

Front 246

Oscillatoria is from which Phylum?

Back 246

Cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria and blue-green algae, anabema)

Front 247

Yeasts are from which Division? Class?

Back 247

Division Ascomycota and Class Hemiascomycetes. (most yeasts)

Front 248

Penicillium is from which Division? Class?

Back 248

Division Ascomycota and Class Fungi Imperfecti

Front 249

DNA copying or duplication begins at numerous "?""?" along the DNA strand (2 words)

Back 249

replication forks

Front 250

Enzymes which help to "open up" the DNA for duplication are called?

Back 250

helicases

Front 251

When a mRNA molecule is formed based on the DNA template during the process called "?", the mRNA nucleotides are attached using the enzyme "?""?" (2 words)

Back 251

Transcription and Reverse Transcriptase

Front 252

In eukaryotes, the mRNA is first edited, and the "?" segments are cur out and are not used in the molecule which leaves the nucleus.

Back 252

Introns

Front 253

All related species are generlly placed inthe same "?" such as Homo or Volvox.

Back 253

genus

Front 254

Most methanogenic, thermophilic and halophilic prokaryotes are placed in the domain called the ?

Back 254

Archaea

Front 255

The Kingond "?" has nutrition by ingestion, lacks cell walls and sexually reporduces by gametic meiosis.

Back 255

Animalia

Front 256

All members of the plant kingdon have a diploid "?" generation which produces spores by meiosis.

Back 256

sporophyte

Front 257

Yeasts like Saccharomyces have a special type of cytokinesis called?

Back 257

Budding

Front 258

In France you might make a few francs on Sunday afternoon by using your trained pig to collect ?

Back 258

truffles

Front 259

In the fungi, cell walls are made of ?

Back 259

chitin

Front 260

Deuteromycetes are grouped in an artificial "division or class" because we have never seen their "?" stage.

Back 260

sexual

Front 261

Most of the Protist groups are distinguished by their cell wall chemistry, type of flagella, their pigments (if any) and their?

Back 261

food reserve

Front 262

A protist genus with paramylon for food storage and a flexible cell wall made of protein?

Back 262

Euglena

Front 263

An organism which can produce visible light by a chemical reaction is said to be ?

Back 263

bioluminescent

Front 264

The members of the plant kingdom probably arose from algal ancestors from the Division?

Back 264

Chlorophyta

Front 265

If the sporophyte and gametophyte generations look alike, the life cycle is said to be an "?" alternation of generations.

Back 265

isomorphic

Front 266

In the plant kingdom, multicellular sex organs are called female "?" and male "?"

Back 266

Archegonia and antheridia

Front 267

Plants which produce two kinds of spores are said to be?

Back 267

Heterosporous

Front 268

Vascular plants are so named because they produce vascular tissues known as phloem and ?

Back 268

xylem

Front 269

In ferns, a cluster of sporangia onthe underside of a leaf is called a ?

Back 269

sori

Front 270

Fern sporangia forcibly discharge their spores with the aid of a special band of cells called the ?

Back 270

Annulus

Front 271

Young, coiled fronds of ferns are called ?

Back 271

fiddleheads

Front 272

T or F Watson and Crick did their pioneering work on the structure of DNA back in the 1970's.

Back 272

False

Front 273

T or F After DNA replication, each new DNA has one strand from the original DNA molecule that was copied.

Back 273

True

Front 274

T or F Making a protein, based on the mRNA instructions, is called translation.

Back 274

True

Front 275

T or F Protein synthesis is an energy requiring process.

Back 275

True

Front 276

T or F All genes are fixed in place on chromosomes and never move to different loci.

Back 276

False

Front 277

T or F In biological classifications, "classes" are subcategories of Divisions or Phyla.

Back 277

True

Front 278

T or F In general, antibiotics are just as effective against viruses as against bacteria

Back 278

False

Front 279

T or F In bacteria, many species are round, and thi scell shape is termed bacillus type.

Back 279

False - cocci-bacilli-spirilli

Front 280

T or F In the fungi, a mass of fungal hyphae (the vegetative body of the fungus) is called an apothecium.

Back 280

False

Front 281

T or F The Irish potato famine was caused by a member of the Division Oomycota.

Back 281

True

Front 282

T or F Ergot poisoning is caused by a fungus which infects rye plants.

Back 282

True

Front 283

T or F Leafy lichens with distinct upper and lower surfaces are called foliose lichens

Back 283

True

Front 284

T or F In the wheat rust, the summer infection can be spread from field to field, state to state, by the urediniospores.

Back 284

True

Front 285

T or F Puffballs are placed in the class Basidiomycota, series gasteromycetes.

Back 285

True

Front 286

T or F Pennate diatoms are capable of a gliding movement.

Back 286

True

Front 287

T or F Giardia, a human parasite in water, moves by means of pseudopodia

Back 287

False

Front 288

T or F Sorocarps are produced by members of the Dictyosteliomycota.

Back 288

True

Front 289

T or F Fucoxanthin is a common pigment inmembers of the Phaeophyta

Back 289

True

Front 290

T or F Carageenan and agar are products from the cell walls of brown algae.

Back 290

False. Red algae

Front 291

T or F In Fucus, the motile sperm and non-motile eggs are the resultss of meiotic divisions.

Back 291

True

Front 292

T or F Hydrodictyon is a motile colonial green alga.

Back 292

False. its non-motile

Front 293

T or F In Polysiphonia, carpospores develop into male and female gametophytes.

Back 293

False

Front 294

T or F In Bryophytes, the green, leafy generation is the gametophyte.

Back 294

True

Front 295

T or F Members of the Plant Kingdom are Embryophytes.

Back 295

True

Front 296

T or F In mosses, spore dispersal is aided by the action of elaters.

Back 296

False

Front 297

T or F Peat mosses belong to the genus Sphagnum.

Back 297

True

Front 298

T or F In Marchantia, the sporophytes are attached to the female gametophyte.

Back 298

True

Front 299

T or F Rhynia and Lepidodendron are extinct plants

Back 299

True

Front 300

T or F Microphyllous leaves first evolve in the ferns.

Back 300

False

Front 301

T or F A fern leaf is called a frond

Back 301

True

Front 302

T or F Equisetum has spores with elaters which aid in dispersal.

Back 302

True

Front 303

T or F In Lycopodium and Selaginella, the stobilus is made of compact sporophylls.

Back 303

True

Front 304

T or F In ferns and lycophytes, the dominant green generation is the gametophyte.

Back 304

False

Front 305

T or F Much of our coal comes from ancient, extinct members of the division Bryophyta.

Back 305

False

Front 306

T or F In the quillworts, each leaf is a sporophyll.

Back 306

True

Front 307

T or F Sometimes in reconstructions of fossil plants, several "genera" are placed together to simulate or interpret of the entire organism.

Back 307

True

Front 308

T or F Some ferns are epiphytes

Back 308

True (epiphyte=not soil living but plants that live on other plants)

Front 309

T or F Equisetum strobili are compsed of numberous sporangiophores.

Back 309

True

Front 310

T or F Psilotum lacks true leaves and roots.

Back 310

True