Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
208 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart are known as
|
veins
|
|
|
does an increase in the or decrease in blood pressure
|
increase
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase or decrease of endothelin
|
increase
|
|
|
which substance is pumped out of the urine to be reabsorbed by the body due to ANP
|
potassium
|
|
|
where does angiotensin I go to play it's major role
|
lungs
|
|
|
what is the blood pressure found in the veins
|
0-5
|
|
|
a process in which a blood vessels smooth muscle contracts so the diameter of the vessel gets smaller
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
which of the cranial nerves supplies the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus
|
glossopharyngeal
|
|
|
which of the blood vessels regulates a majority of the peripheral resistance
|
arterioles
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to hemorrhage is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
a condition caused by poor perfusion, reduced cellular metabolism, and organ failure is known as
|
shock
|
|
|
do the chemoreceptors belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
|
short term
|
|
|
ANP activates the sodium pump to pump 3 sodium ions into or out of the urine
|
into
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to diaphoresis is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
baroreceptors belong to a group of receptors known as ______ or stretch receptors
|
mechanoreceptors
|
|
|
do the baroreceptors belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
|
short term
|
|
|
very large thick walled vessels near the heart are known as
|
elastic arteries
|
|
|
does a reduction in the heart rate cause an increase decrease in blood pressure
|
decrease
|
|
|
does a relatively high capillary colloid osmotic pressure tend to pull fluid in or push it out of a capillary
|
pull in
|
|
|
at the arterial end of a capillary, is the capillary hydrostatic pressure High or LOW when compared to the interstitium
|
high
|
|
|
which of the blood vessels have valved
|
veins
|
|
|
the areas of the body that contain the most chemoreceptors are
|
carotid sinus and aortic arch
|
|
|
is ANP released due to an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
baroreceptors belong to a group of receptors known as mechanoreceptors or ______ receptors
|
stretch
|
|
|
blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart are known as
|
arteries
|
|
|
a process in which a blood vessels smooth muscle relaxes so the diameter of the vessel gets larger
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
which of the cranial nerves supplies baroreceptors in the aortic arch
|
vagus
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the baroreceptors increase or decrease bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
does a reduction in the hearts strength of contraction cause an increase or decrease in blood pressure
|
decrease
|
|
|
specialized blood vessels with diameters between 10 um- 0.3 mm
|
arterioles
|
|
|
does angiotensin II cause in increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
does vasoconstriction in the periphery cause an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
does sympathetic inhibition allow vasodilation or vasocontriction in the periphery
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
in which vessels does the exchange of blood gas occur
|
capillaries
|
|
|
where is ADH stored and released
|
posterior pituitary
|
|
|
the outermost, connective tissue layer of a blood vessel is known as
|
tunica externa
|
|
|
what percent of total blood volume is contained in the veins
|
54%
|
|
|
how do the arteries in the lungs respond to low levels of oxygen
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
a type of hypertension in which the patient demonstrates a diastolic bp greater than 140 mm Hg
|
malignant
|
|
|
at the venous end of a capillary, is the capillary colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
high
|
|
|
does vasopressin belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
|
short term
|
|
|
***sounds listened to when cutting off blood flow in an artery and listening to the sounds made are known as
|
korokoff's
|
|
|
relative to fluid balance, the amount of solute, especially proteins in the interstitium is referred to as
|
interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
|
|
|
dilated artery is
|
aneurysm
|
|
|
does the Renin-angiotensin system belong to the factors that regulate short term or long term control of blood pressure
|
long term
|
|
|
is endothelin released due to an increase or decrease in blood pressure
|
decrease
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase or decrease of epinephrine
|
increase
|
|
|
at the arterial end of a capillary, is the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
high
|
|
|
ADH causes its effects by water retention and ____
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
the areas of the body that contain the most baroreceptors are
|
carotid sinus and aortic arch
|
|
|
does the release of atrialnatriuretic peptide increase or decrease bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease the hearts strength of contraction
|
increase
|
|
|
type of poor tissue perfusion due to a hypersensitive reaction to an allergy is
|
anaphylactic
|
|
|
does atrionatriuretic peptide belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
|
short
|
|
|
the smallest blood vessels are known as
|
capillaries
|
|
|
how do the arteries of the lungs respond to high levels of oxygen
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
does vagal inhibition cause in increase of decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
at rest, what percent of capillaries in skeletal muscles remain closed
|
75%
|
|
|
which of the vessels demonstrate the largest combined surface area
|
capillaries
|
|
|
does vasodilation in the periphery cause an increase or decrease in bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
does the reninangiotensin system activate due to an increase of decrease in bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease sympathetic stimulation
|
increase
|
|
|
which of the thin walled blood vessels have diameters between 8-100 um
|
venules
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to diuresis is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase or decrease of ADH
|
increase
|
|
|
does endothelin belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
|
short term
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in blood pressure: increase of decrease of acetylcholine
|
decrease
|
|
|
does vagal stimulation cause an increase of decrease in bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
does stimulation of the higher centers of the brain increase or decrease the hearts strength of contraction
|
increase
|
|
|
the inner most layer of a blood vessel is known as the
|
tunica intima or endothelium
|
|
|
does ADH belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
|
short term
|
|
|
is ADH released due to an increase or decrease in bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
does nitric oxide belong to the factors that regulate short or long term control of bp
|
short term
|
|
|
ANP activates the sodium pump to pump 2 potassium ions in or out of the urine to be reabsorbed by the body
|
out of
|
|
|
does endothelin cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
does endothelin increase of decrease blood pressure
|
increase
|
|
|
where is ADH made
|
hypothalamus
|
|
|
where is nitric oxide made
|
endothelium
|
|
|
another name for vasopressin is
|
antidiuretic hormone
|
|
|
the sodium pump moves how many sodium ions into the urine
|
three
|
|
|
how does ADH cause water retension
|
turns on protein synthesis of water channels in kidneys
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of epinephrine
|
decrease
|
|
|
does an increase in the hearts strength of contradiction cause an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in bp: increase or decrease of nitric oxide
|
decrease
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to an imbalance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system is
|
neurogenic
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in bp: stimulation of baroreceptors or inhibition of baroreceptors
|
inhibition
|
|
|
whats the bp found in capillaries
|
14-17 mm Hg
|
|
|
does stimulation of higher centers of the brain increase of decrease bp
|
increase
|
|
|
does parasympathetic inhibition cause an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
does the release of more ADH increase or decrease bp
|
increase
|
|
|
for the chemoreceptors, does an increase in C02 cause in incease or decrease in the number of action potentials traveling to the vasometer center
|
increase
|
|
|
how many potassium ions are pumped into the urine to be excreted under the influence of aldosterone
|
two
|
|
|
for osmosis, water generally follows which osmotically active particle
|
sodium
|
|
|
where is angiotension II made
|
lungs
|
|
|
does endothelin typically act systemically or locally
|
locally
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to emesis is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
if the blood pressure falls, what enzyme is released from the kidneys
|
renin
|
|
|
for osmosis, what generally follows the osmotically active particle sodium
|
water
|
|
|
what specific tissue makes up the inner most layer of a blood vessel
|
simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
what is the location for the production of most of the bodys adrenalin
|
adrenal medulla
|
|
|
what percent of hypertension cases belong to the secondary type
|
10%
|
|
|
what structure in the kidneys indirectly monitors bp through urine flow
|
macula densa
|
|
|
does parasympathetic stimulation allow for vasodilation or vasoconstriction in the periphery
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
is nitric oxide released due to an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
whats the location for the production of most of the bodys epinephrine
|
adrenal medulla
|
|
|
what blood vessel in the antecubital region is used to measure bp
|
brachial artery
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion sue to a bacterial or fungal infection in blood is
|
septic
|
|
|
does nitric oxide cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
profuse sweating with fluid loss is known as
|
diaphoresis
|
|
|
for the chemoreceptors, does a decrease in oxygen cause an increase or decrease in the number of action potentials traveling to the vasomotor center
|
increase
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the baroreceptors increase or decrease sympathetic stiumlation
|
decrease
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of acetylcholine
|
increase
|
|
|
the area of the brain responsible for regulating bp is known as
|
vasomotor center
|
|
|
what percent of the interstital fluid must be removed by the lymphatics
|
10%
|
|
|
what enzyme is responsible for changing angiotensin I into angiotensin II
|
angiotensin converting enzyme
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to low blood volume is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
on what compound does renin act, what is its substrate
|
angiotensinogen
|
|
|
vasodilation cause by an increase of CO2 is known as the ______ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to heart failure such as myocardial infarction is
|
cardiogenic
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of nitric oxide
|
increase
|
|
|
ability of tissues regulate their own bp to keep it steady regardless of changes in bp elsewhere and also known as autoregulation or
|
local control of bp
|
|
|
how many sodium ions are pumped to the ECM to be reabsorbed by blood under the influence to aldosterone
|
three
|
|
|
the sodium pump moves how many potassium ions out of urine
|
two
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of ADH
|
decrease
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: stimulation of baroreceptors or inhibition of baroreceptors
|
stimulation
|
|
|
which substance is pumped into the urine due to ANP
|
sodium
|
|
|
when measuring peripheral bp the 1st sound heard when releasing pressure from the cuff represents which phase of the bp
|
systolic
|
|
|
another name for ADH is
|
vasopressin
|
|
|
how does aldosterone cause water retention
|
activates sodium pump in the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
|
|
|
where is ANP made
|
atria
|
|
|
give the value for the mean arterial pressure
|
96 mm Hg
|
|
|
does a relatively high capillary hydrostatic pressure trent to push fluid in or out of a capillary
|
out
|
|
|
at the arterial end of capillary, is the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a drop in bp: increase or decrease of ANP
|
decrease
|
|
|
how do the arteries of the skin respond to increased temperature
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
does parasympathetic inhibition vasodilation or vasoconstriction in the periphery
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
as blood reaches the venous end of the capillary, does fluid move into the capillary or out
|
in
|
|
|
does stimulation of the higher centers of the brain increase of decrease heart rate
|
increase
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of endothelin
|
decrease
|
|
|
which of the autonomic nervous system is the primary regulator of the vasomotor center to regulate blood pressure
|
sympathetic
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease the heart rate
|
increase
|
|
|
relative to fluid balance, the bp in a capillary is referred to as
|
capillary hydrostatic pressure
|
|
|
to which group of lipids does aldosterone belong
|
steroids
|
|
|
what percent of hypertension cases belong to the primary type
|
90%
|
|
|
vasodilation caused by an increase in lactic acid is known as the ___ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
|
the ability of tissues regulate their own bp to keep it steady regardless of changes in bp elsewhere and also known as local control or
|
autoregulation
|
|
|
does activation of renin-angiotensin system cause an increase or decrease in bp
|
increase
|
|
|
vasodilation caused by an increase in hydrogen ions is known as the ____ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
|
does angiotensin II cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
which layer of a blood vessel is made up of smooth muscle
|
tunica media
|
|
|
a reduction in bp upon standing is known as
|
orthostatic hypotensin
|
|
|
as blood approches the arterial end of a capillary, does fluid move into the capillary or out
|
out
|
|
|
ADH causes it effects by vasoconstriction and ____
|
water retention
|
|
|
which results in the release of renin, an increase or decrease of bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
for the chemoreceptors does an increase in hydrogen ions cause an increase or decrease in the number of action potentials traveling to the vasomotor center
|
increase
|
|
|
drugs that lower bp by blocking the production of angiotensin II are known as
|
ACE inhibitors
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease bp
|
increase
|
|
|
where in endothelin made
|
endothelium
|
|
|
what percent of the total blood volume is contained in the veins and the venules
|
64%
|
|
|
as fluid leaves the arterial end of a capillary, does it become hypertonic, hypotonic, or remain isotonic
|
becomes hypertonic
|
|
|
how do arteries respond when they are stretched due to an increase to bp
|
vasoconstrict
|
|
|
the most abundant from hypertension is
|
primary or essential
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to burns is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
does nitric oxide typically act systemically or locally
|
locally
|
|
|
at the arterial end of a capillary is the capillary colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
|
|
blood flow to tissues relative to the tissues mass is known as
|
perfusion
|
|
|
does nitric oxide increase or decrease bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
arteries with diameters between .3-10mm which makes up most of the names arteries
|
muscular arteries
|
|
|
a type of poor tissue perfusion due to diarrhea is
|
hypovolemic
|
|
|
does a relatively high intertitial fluid hydrostatic pressure tend to push fluid in or out of a capillary
|
in
|
|
|
when measuring a peripheral blood pressure, in which phase of the blood pressure in indicated when the sounds are no longer heard
|
diastolic
|
|
|
does an increase in the number of action potentials from the chemoreceptors increase or decrease perfusion
|
increase
|
|
|
vasodilation caused by a reduction in oxygen is known as the ____ theory of autoregulation
|
metabolic theory
|
|
|
the fact that muscles contract when stretched related to the ____ theory of autoregulation
|
myogenic control
|
|
|
relative to fluid balance the fluid pressure in the interstitium is referred to as
|
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
|
|
|
an instrument used to measure bp by cutting off blood flow in an artery and listening to the sounds made when flow is re-established
|
sphygmomanometer
|
|
|
which of the following would occur in response to a rise in bp: increase or decrease of ANP
|
increase
|
|
|
how do the arteries of the brain respond to increased levels of CO2
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
how do the arteries of the brain respond to increased levels of hydrogen ions
|
vasodilation
|
|
|
an abnormal increase in bp is referred to as
|
hypertension
|
|
|
over stretched veins with compromised valves which allow tissue edema are known as
|
varicose veins
|
|
|
a type of hypertension for which there is no known cause is
|
primary or essential
|
|
|
does stimulation of the higher centers of the brain increase or decrease sympathetic stimulation
|
increase
|
|
|
what percent if hypertension cases have no known cause
|
90%
|
|
|
which of the blood vessels are basically the tunica intima only
|
capillaries
|
|
|
does parasympathetic stimulation cause in increase or decrease in bp
|
decrease
|
|
|
at the venous end of a capillary, is the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
|
|
ANP cause its effects by activating the _____
|
sodium pump
|
|
|
another name for an abdominal increase in urinary output is
|
diuresis
|
|
|
does a relatively high interstitial colloid osmotic pressure tend to push fluid in or pull it out of a capillary
|
pull out
|
|
|
where is aldosterone made
|
adrenal cortex
|
|
|
what is aldosterone's major effect
|
water retention
|
|
|
continuous sympathetic stimulation of arteries which allows constant partial contraction of the smooth muscle is known as
|
vasomotor tone
|
|
|
what percent is hypertension cases have known causes
|
10%
|
|
|
the area of the brain responsible for regulating bp is located in the
|
medulla oblongata
|
|
|
where is angiotensin I made
|
liver
|
|
|
at the venous end of a capillary, is the tnterstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
high
|
|
|
does stimulation of the baroreceptors increase of decrease blood pressure
|
decrease
|
|
|
a type of hypertension for which the cause is known
|
secondary
|
|
|
a term meaning to listen to the heart sounds
|
auscultation
|
|
|
what is the combined surface area for all the capillaries
|
6300 m2
|
|
|
for the baroreceptors, does an increase in bp cause them to increase or decrease the number of action potentials traveling to the vasomotor center
|
increase
|
|
|
vomiting AKA
|
emesis
|
|
|
where does renin have its direct effect
|
liver
|
|
|
does sympathetic stimulation cause vasodilation or vasconstriction in the periphery
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
relative to fluid balance, the amount of solute, especially proteins in the capillary is referred to as
|
capillary colloid osmotic pressure
|
|
|
at rest, what percent of the capillaries in the skeletal muscles remain open
|
25%
|
|
|
at the venous end of capillary, is the capillary hydrostatic pressure high or low when compared to the interstitium
|
low
|
