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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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conduct ap towards the CNS
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afferent sensory neurons
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conduct ap away from CNS
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efferent motor neurons
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conduct ap from one neuron to another
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interneurons
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neuron with several dendritic processes and a single axon
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multipolar
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neuron with a single dendrite and single axon
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bipolar
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most cns neurons, including motor neurons are this type
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multipolar
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neruoglia that are star shaped, help to regulate the composition of extracellular fluid around neurons
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astrocytes
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neuroglia found in choroid plexus and line the ventricles of the brain, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
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ependymal cell
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small cells that become mobile and phagocytic in response to inflammation
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microglia
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neuroglia with cytoplasmic extensions that form myelin sheath around axons in CNS
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oligodendrocytes
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neuroglia cells, form myelin sheaths around the axon in PNS
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neurolemmmocyte
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specialized neurolemmocytes that surround, provide support, and provide nutrients for neuron cell bodies in ganglie
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satellite cells
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end of axon that contains synaptic vesicles
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presynaptic terminal
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space separating the axon ending and the cell with which it synapeses
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synaptic cleft
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specific receptors that can bind to a NT are located here
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postsynaptic membrane
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chemical released from the presynaptic terminal
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NT
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membrane bound organelle that contains NT
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synaptic vesicle
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local depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
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EPSP
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caused by increase in permibility of cell membrane to Na+ ions
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EPSP
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neuron that causes EPSP's
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excitatory neuron
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local hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
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IPSP
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caused by increase in permeability of cell membrane to K+ or Cl- ions
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IPSP
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circuit in which many neurons synapse with fewer neurons
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convergent circut
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afferent neurons carrying ap from pain receptors are an example
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divergent circut
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circuits with neurons arranged in a circular fashion
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oscillating
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a circular arrangment of neurons produces many aps
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after discharge
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type of circut responsible for periodic activity such as respiration
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oscillating circut
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these assist int he exchange b/c neurons and blood vessels, clean up K+ ions and excess NT, use glucose to make ATP for energy, connected to each other by gap junctions, use Ca+ for cell signaling to each other and neurons
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astrocytes
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2 supporting cells in the PNS
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schwann cells aka neurolemmecytes , and satellite cells
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smallest structure unit of the nervous system
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neuron
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voluntary portion taking info in from muscle joints and skin
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somatic
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involuntary, take info from organs and glands
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visceral
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involuntary info from cns to viscera, cardiac muscle, and glands
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autonomic
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uses energy, fight or flight response
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sympathetic
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will create and or conserve energy known and rest and response
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parasympathetic
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cell only found in PNS
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schwann cell
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cell found only in CNS
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oligodendrocyte
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found in sensory organs
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bipolar
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responsiveness to stimuli
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irritability
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cell depolarization followed by repolarization leading to self propagation of an ap, along length of the cell
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action potential=nerve impulse
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relates to the charge measured potential energy b/w 2 points
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potential aka potential difference aka voltage
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based on flow of ions
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current
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is the flow of electrical charge from one point to another
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current
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have high resistance
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insulators
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have low resistance
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conductors
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Ohms Law
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current (I)=Voltage (V)/ Resistance (R)
- current and voltage are directly proportional and current and resistance are indirectly proportional |
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are ion channels made up of protein that changes shape and opens to specific ion
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active or gated channels
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ions will freely diffuse through this b/c channel is always open, these are also ion specific
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passive or leakage channels
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this gate opens in response to specific NT or chemical
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chemically (transmitter) gated
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will open in response to a change of charge, membrane potential
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voltage gated
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these ions will follow or flow down concentration gradient from hi to low
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chemical
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these ions will move to opposite regions
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electrical
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flow of all ions with neurons
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electrochemical
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is voltage at rest, intracellular portion is neg when compared to extracellular region across the membrane
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-70mV
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when membrane is at resting state it is ..
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polarized
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loss of reduction in neg membrane potential, becoming more positive, increased likely hood of generating ap
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depolarization
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increase in membrane potential, becoming more neg, decreased likely hood of generating ap
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hyperpolarization
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only travel short distance approx 3 mm and then signal degrades, decrimntal flow will degrade
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graded potentials
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will travel long distances, only occur in axon innerneurons or muscles, reversal of membrane potential from -70 to +35 and not decrimental, form due to graded potentials having altered membrane potentials
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action potential aka nerve impulse
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resting membrane is polarized, K+ has one single gated channel closed at rest, Na+ has activation gate closed at rest inactivation gate is open at rest
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generation of an ap
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increase in sodium permeability leads to
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depolarization
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decrease in sodium permeablilty begins
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repolarization
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