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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what do the ovaries do?
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is a ductless reproductive gland in which the female reproductive cells are produced
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what is ovulation?
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release the egg cells (oocytes)
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What is the uterine tube? what travels through it?
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tube that leads from the ovaries to the uterus
oocytes or zygotes |
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what is the name for a fertilized egg?
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zygote
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true or false: The zygote travels through the fallopian tubes and implants itself into the uterine wall.
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true
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What happens to unfertilized oocyte?
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gets flushed out the uterus with next menstrual cycle
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what is the narrow muscular opening between the uterus and vagina?
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Cervix
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how long is the birth canal?
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3-4 inches
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True or false: The opening to the outside is called the cervix
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false: the vaginal orifice
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What surrounds the vaginal orifice?
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the vulva
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true or false: having a sexual response, triggers a decrease in HR and BP?
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false: causes an increase in HR and BP
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what can trigger a sexual response?
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sight, sound, aroma, touch, dreams, thoughts
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how many sets of labia are there?
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2 sets
labia majora labia minora |
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what is inhibits excitement and plateau
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stress, other non erotic thoughts
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what it vasocongestion?
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external gentialia enlargement
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what is the lubricant released by the vaginal wall during a sexual response?
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vaginal transudate
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during sexual response, what dilates?
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the inner proximal part of vaginal canal
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true or false: the outer distal portion of the vaginal canal constricts
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true
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what helps stimulate the penis during intercourse?
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vestibular bulbs vasocongest
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what happens in an orgasm
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strong contractions of orgasmic platform
constriction of anal and urinary sphincters rhythmic peristaltic contractions of uterus (top to bottom) some secretion possible by paraurethral glands increased HR/BP/resp as discussed chest/nipples flush (see this in both males and females) |
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resolution of the vagina
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uterus returns to normal position
cervix dips back into vagina blood flow returns to normal no refractory period |
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where does fertilization occur?
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uterine tubes
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how long can sperm survive?
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12-72hours
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after sex how many sperm cells are ejaculated?
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300-400 million sperm cells
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true or false: WBC destroy many of the sperm cells in the vagina
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true
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true or false: at least half of the sperm cells will go up the wrong tube
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True
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how many sperm cells actually make it to the oocytes?
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2000-3000
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how long does the trip take for the sperm cells
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10 minutes
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what is capacitation?
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Sac of enzymes on top of sperm cell become more fragile
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what is an acrosomal reaction?
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enzymes in acrosome break down cells and glycoproteins surrounding egg cell
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true or false: acrosomal reaction only needs 1 sperm cell to react
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false: 100s of sperm cells
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true or false:only ONLY 1 sperm can attach to an egg
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true
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what is polyspermy?
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more than one sperm fertilizing an egg
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what are ways polyspermy is avoided
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docking proteins
protein fluid that pushes other sperm away |
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what is the process of a zygote dividing
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mitosis
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how long does it take for a zygote to start dividing?
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24hours after fertilization
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3-4 days after ovulation, where does the zygote reach?
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uterus
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what is a blastocyst?
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It possesses an inner cell mass (ICM) which subsequently forms the embryo. The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst are called the trophoblast. This layer surrounds the inner cell mass and a fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoel.
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how long will it take for the blastocyst to implant?
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2-3 days
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what hormone does the egg produce?
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human chorionic gonadotropin HCG
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what does hcg do?
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maintains estrogen and progesterone producing cells in ovaries until the placenta forms
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what maintains these levels after the placenta forms?
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the placenta (trick question)
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true or false: after 9 months the baby moves deeper into the mothers birth canal.
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true
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as the baby moves deeper into the canal, what do the uterus receptors do?
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sense pressure and send nerve impulse to breiain
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what part of the brain receives impulses to stimulate posterior pituitary gland?
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hypothalamus
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what does the hypothalamus do?
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receives impulses, and stimulates posterior pituitary gland
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what does the posterior pituitary gland do?
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releases a hormone called oxytocin into the blood stream which will stimulate muscles of the uterus
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true or false: after the posterior pituitary gland is stimulated the muscles of the uterus contract even more
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true
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what is the ovary?
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where the developing oocyte matures through meiosis
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what sounds the oocytes?
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follicle cells which secret hormones
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what is the follicular phase
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rising levels of GnRH cause ant pituitary gland to release FSH and LH
FSH and LH cause follicle to grow and mature maturing follicle starts to secrete estrogen |
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what does estrogen inhibit? what does it stimulate?
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FSH and LH
the production of them |
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what happens in stage 4,stage5,stage 6
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more estrogen enters blood
high estrogen levels stimulate ant pituitary gland to release stored LH and FSH ovulation this surge of LH triggers ovulation |
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what happens in the Luteal Phase
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ruptured follicle is now called the corpus luteum
corpus luteum takes over strogen and progesterone production also produce inhibin |
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true or false: if fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum will degenerate menstruation occurs and the cycle begins again
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true
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ovarian cycle does what
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changes in ovaries
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what happens in the menstrual cycle
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changes in uterus
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what consists of the proliferative phase?
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mitosis, increased vascularization, addition of progesterone receptors
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what consists of the secretory phase
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progesterone controlled, endometrium thickens further, if no pregnancy
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what consists of the menstrual phase
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menses
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how many types of estrogen are there?
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3 estrdiol,estriol,estrone
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what maintain primary sexual characteristics
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ovaries, uterus, oviducts, vaginal canal
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what maintain secondary sexual characteristics
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development of breasts and nipples, distribution of body fat and flare of pelvis
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libido and pubic/axillary hair controlled by androgens
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adrenal glands and ovaries.
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puberty is triggered by the secretion of...
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hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones, which triggers the release of reproductive hormones and secretion of androgens from adrenal gland.
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