Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
true breeding
|
The offspring have the same trait as the parent
EX: round seeded parents produce all round seeded offspring |
|
|
genotype
|
The allele combinations in an individual that cause particular traits or disorders.
|
|
|
phenotype
|
The expression of a gene in traits or symptoms.
|
|
|
homozygous
|
Having two identical alleles of a gene.
|
|
|
heterozygous
|
Having two different alleles of a gene.
|
|
|
pedigree
|
A chart consisting of symbols connected by lines that depict the genetic relationships and transmission of inherited traits in related individuals.
|
|
|
autosomes
|
A chromosome that does not have a gene that determines sex.
|
|
|
lethals
|
An allele that causes death before reproductive maturity or halts prenatal development.
|
|
|
epistasis
|
A gene masking the expression of another.
|
|
|
multiple alleles
|
An individual only carries 2 alleles for each gene.
|
|
|
linkage
|
Genes on the same chromosome
|
|
|
codominance
|
A heterozygote in which both the alleles are fully expressed.
|
|
|
recombination
|
During crossing over in prophase one, chromosomes recombine.
|
|
|
incomplete dominance
|
A heterozygote intermediate in phenotype between either homozygote.
|
|
|
barr body
|
In those species (including humans) in which sex is determined by the presence of the Y or X chromosome rather than the diploidy of the X or Z, a Barr body is the inactive X chromosome in a female cell, or the inactive Z in a male.
|
|
|
Sex-influenced
|
Phenotype caused when an allele is recessive in one sex but dominant in the other.
|
|
|
sex chromosomes
|
A chromosome containing genes that specify sex.
|
|
|
sex ratio
|
Number of males divided by number of females multiplied by 1,000 for people of a certain age in a population.
|
|
|
SRY gene
|
The sex-determining region of the Y. If the SRY gene is activated, the gonad develops into a testis, if not, an ovary forms under direction of other genes.
|
|
|
sex-linked
|
the phenotypic expression of an allele that is related to the chromosomal sex of the individual.
|
|
|
X inactivation
|
(also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.
|
|
|
sex-limited
|
A trait that affects a structure or function present in only one sex.
|
|
|
neuron
|
electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information.
|
|
|
neuroglia
|
are cells that support and protect neurons.
|
|
|
addiction
|
a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences to the individual's health, mental state or social life.
|
|
|
neurotransmitter
|
chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell.
|
|
|
anorexia nervosa
|
a psychiatric diagnosis that describes an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight.
|
|
|
tolerance
|
occurs when a subject's reaction to a psychoactive drug decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect.
|
|
|
dendrite
|
the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body
|
|
|
myelin
|
an electrically-insulating dielectric phospholipid layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons.
|
|
|
dependence
|
Over time the user’s body begins to need the drug to feel normal.
|
|
|
cell body
|
The central structure of a neuron, which contains the cell nucleus. The cell body contains the molecular machinery that regulates the activity of the neuron.
|
|
|
bulimia
|
characterized by episodes of secretive excessive eating (bingeing) followed by inappropriate methods of weight control, such as self-induced vomiting (purging), abuse of laxatives and diuretics, or excessive exercise.
|
|
|
axon
|
a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.
|
|
|
narcolepsy
|
a neurological condition most characterized by Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
|
|
|
Parts of a neuron
|
Nucleus, mitochondrion, myelin sheath, axon, rough endoplasmic reticulum.
|
|
|
Law of segregation
|
The distribution of of alleles of a gene into separate gametes during meiosis.
|
|
|
Law of independent assortment
|
The random arrangement of homologous chromosome pairs, in terms of maternal or paternal origin, down the center of a cell in metaphase 1. Inheritance of a gene on one chromosome does not influence inheritance of a gene on a different chromosome.
|
|
|
Autosomal dominant
|
Homozygous dominant and heterozygotes exhibit the affected phenotype.
|
|
|
Autosomal recessive
|
Only homozygous recessive individuals exhibit the affected phenotype.
|
|
|
Parts of a neuron
|
Nucleus, mitochondrionm nyelin sheath, axon, rough endoplasmic reticulum.
|
|
|
Law of segregation
|
The distribution of of alleles of a gene into separate gametes during meiosis.
|
|
|
Law of independent assortment
|
The random arrangement of homologous chromosome pairs, in terms of maternal or paternal origin, down the center of a cell in metaphase 1. Inheritance of a gene on one chromosome does not influence inheritance of a gene on a different chromosome.
|
|
|
Autosomal dominant
|
Homozygous dominant and heterozygotes exhibit the affected phenotype.
|
|
|
Autosomal recessive
|
Only homozygous recessive individuals exhibit the affected phenotype.
|
|
|
What makes up female chromosomes?
|
XX
|
|
|
What makes up a male chromosome?
|
XY
|
|
|
Who was Gregor Mendel?
|
an Augustinian priest and scientist, and is often called the father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants.
|
