Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are the four building blocks of chem evolution?
|
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
|
|
|
What is the relationship between the electronegativities of the building blocks of life?
|
O>>N>C=H
|
|
|
What's one of the primary reasons life exists?
|
Because of the polar covalent bonds of water due to electronegativity.
|
|
|
Why is water so crucial to life?
|
Because it disolves almost anything making chem reactions more possible.
|
|
|
Why is water such a good solvent?
|
Because the partial charges of water interact with polar molecules and ions.
|
|
|
Why is water denser as a liquid than a solid?
|
Because of hydrogen bonds: they form crystals when frozen.
|
|
|
When is a reaction spontaneous?
|
When change of H is negative, change of S is positive, or change of G is negative.
|
|
|
functional groups
|
H, N, and O containg group of an organic compound.
|
|
|
Glycolysis
|
glucose in
pyruvate, ATP, NADH out |
|
|
Pyruvate processing
|
pyruvate in
acetyl-CoA, NADH, and CO2 out |
|
|
Krebs Cycle
|
series of rxns
acetyl-CoA in CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP out |
|
|
Electron Transport Chain
|
series of redox reactions that transport the high energy electrons of NADH and FADH2 from molecule to molecule until they are low in energy and have pumped H+ out of the membrane.
|
|
|
Electron Transport
|
The chain pumps H+ out causing H+ to diffuse in through ATP Synthase, the spinning of this protein powers the phosphorylation of ADP.
|
|
|
catabolic
|
breaks down
|
|
|
anabolic
|
builds up
|
|
|
ubiquinone
|
ubiquitous coenzyme Q that is lipid soluble so it can move through mitochondrial membrane during electron transport
it shuttles protons across the membrane |
|
|
chemiosmotic hypothesis
|
that a chemical gradient indirectly related to the ETC is what powers the production of ATP
|
|
|
what are two complex molecules which were important in the prebiological soup?
|
Hydrogen cyanide, HCN and formaldehyde, H2CO
|
|
|
what simple molecules existed in the earth's prebiotic atmosphere?
|
CO, CO2, N2, NH3, H2O, H2, HCO3
|
|
|
How much of the following is produced during the krebs cycle (OF TWO ACETYL CoA's))?
CO2 ATP NADH FADH2 |
CO2 4
ATP 2 NADH 6 FADH2 2 |
|
|
Where does pyruvate processing occur?
|
In the mitochondrial matrix.
|
|
|
What is the intermediary in alcohol fermentation?
|
acetylaldehyde.
|
|
|
What is the overall rxn of photosynthesis?
|
6CO2+12H2O+light-->C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O
|
|
|
What does pheophytin do?
|
It accepts the electron from the reaction center of ph2.
|
|
|
What is the electron acceptor in ph2?
|
pheophytin
|
|
|
Where is ferrodoxin in the z scheme?
|
it is part of the ETC of ph1 that reduces NADP+
|
|
|
what are the two intermediaries used in calvin's cycle?
|
phosphoglycerate and G3P
|
